Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34491661›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2021

Trial of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Older Patients with Hypertension.

Weili Zhang, Shuyuan Zhang, Yue Deng, Shouling Wu, Jie Ren, Gang Sun, Jinfeng Yang, Yinong Jiang, Xinjuan Xu, Tzung-Dau Wang and 19 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03015311 (Strategy of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 385 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
385citing papers in PubMed, 22 pooled it
73.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03015311 naunknown statusnot on this map

Strategy of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Randomized Open-Label Blinded-Endpoint Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai HospitalRan2017 to 2021Enrolled8,000ConditionsPrimary HypertensionArmsIntensive BP control, Standard BP control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

385 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 704 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Evaluating blood pressure targets in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
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  10. Guideline
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  13. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
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  15. Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025
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  18. Smartphone application-based intervention to lower blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
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  19. Higher blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
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325 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Weili ZhangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Shuyuan ZhangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Yue DengFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Shouling WuFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Jie RenFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Gang SunFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Jinfeng YangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Yinong JiangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xinjuan XuFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Tzung-Dau WangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Youren ChenFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Yufeng LiFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Lianchen YaoFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Dianfang LiFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Lixin WangFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xiaomei ShenFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xinhua YinFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Wei LiuFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xiaoyang ZhouFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Bingpo ZhuFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Zihong GuoFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Hualing LiuFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xiaoping ChenFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Yingqing FengFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Gang TianFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Xiuyin GaoFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Kazuomi KarioFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
Jun CaiFrom the Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (W.Z., S.Z., Y.D., J.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S.Z.), Beijing Pinggu Hospital (Y.L.), and Beijing Hospital (W.L.), Beijing, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan (S.W.), Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences (J.R.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (X.S.), Taiyuan, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou (G.S.), the People's Hospital of Ji Xian District, Tianjin (J.Y.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Y.J.) and Omron Dalian (X.G.), Dalian, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (X.X.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Shantou University, Shantou (Y.C.), Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi (L.Y.), Hongxinglong Center Hospital, Shuangyashan (D.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou (L.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin (X.Y.), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (X.Z.), Kang Ya Hospital, Yiyang (B.Z.), FuWai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming (Z.G.), Zhoukou City Central Hospital, Zhoukou (H.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (X.C.), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou (Y.F.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (G.T.) - all in China; the Cardiovascular Center and Divisions of Cardiology and Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (T.-D.W.); and Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan (K.K.).
STEP Study Group
Peking Union Medical College Hospital · CNFu Wai Hospital · CNChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNAcademy of Medical Sciences · GBFirst Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University · CNKailuan General Hospital · CNRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University · CNSichuan University · CNXinjiang Medical University · CN

Funding

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2016-I2M-1-006Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences CI2021A00920National Natural Science Foundation of China 81630014National Natural Science Foundation of China 81825002National Natural Science Foundation of China BJJWZYJH01201910023029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe appropriate target for systolic blood pressure to reduce cardiovascular risk in older patients with hypertension remains unclear.

methodsIn this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned Chinese patients 60 to 80 years of age with hypertension to a systolic blood-pressure target of 110 to less than 130 mm Hg (intensive treatment) or a target of 130 to less than 150 mm Hg (standard treatment). The primary outcome was a composite of stroke, acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction and hospitalization for unstable angina), acute decompensated heart failure, coronary revascularization, atrial fibrillation, or death from cardiovascular causes.

resultsOf the 9624 patients screened for eligibility, 8511 were enrolled in the trial; 4243 were randomly assigned to the intensive-treatment group and 4268 to the standard-treatment group. At 1 year of follow-up, the mean systolic blood pressure was 127.5 mm Hg in the intensive-treatment group and 135.3 mm Hg in the standard-treatment group. During a median follow-up period of 3.34 years, primary-outcome events occurred in 147 patients (3.5%) in the intensive-treatment group, as compared with 196 patients (4.6%) in the standard-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.92; P = 0.007). The results for most of the individual components of the primary outcome also favored intensive treatment: the hazard ratio for stroke was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.97), acute coronary syndrome 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.94), acute decompensated heart failure 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.98), coronary revascularization 0.69 (95% CI, 0.40 to 1.18), atrial fibrillation 0.96 (95% CI, 0.55 to 1.68), and death from cardiovascular causes 0.72 (95% CI, 0.39 to 1.32). The results for safety and renal outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for the incidence of hypotension, which was higher in the intensive-treatment group.

conclusionsIn older patients with hypertension, intensive treatment with a systolic blood-pressure target of 110 to less than 130 mm Hg resulted in a lower incidence of cardiovascular events than standard treatment with a target of 130 to less than 150 mm Hg. (Funded by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and others; STEP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03015311.).

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAntihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansHypertensionHypotensionIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedStandard of CareSystoleAntihypertensive Agents

Identifiers

PMID34491661
OpenAlexW3198533772

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.