ReviewClinical rheumatology2022
Differentiation of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis from rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases causing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: establishing a diagnostic approach.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in rheumatic diseases: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2026Article
- The role of arterial embolization in pediatric Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis: a case report and literature review.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2026Article
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Haemorrhage, Is It Really Idiopathic?Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: A pediatric case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis misdiagnosed as haemolytic anaemia: a case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
- Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to sarcoidosis.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- Adult patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a comprehensive review of the literature.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Prevalence of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a scoping review of the literature in the period 1980-2021.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- Proposed Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis.Lung · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This narrative review provides an overview of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) associated with rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases and their differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). Relevant immunologic diseases associated with DAH are discussed, and a diagnostic flowchart is proposed to establish a "definitive" diagnosis of IPH within the spectrum of DAH. IPH is a rare cause of recurrent DAH both in children and adults. In adults, a definitive diagnosis of IPH requires a lung biopsy and histopathologic examination demonstrating intraalveolar hemorrhage, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and a variable degree of fibrosis in the absence of both capillaritis and cellular inflammation. The presence of small vessel vasculitis points towards immunologic, well-differentiated, or sometimes undifferentiated rheumatologic diseases. However, it is essential to recognize that many rheumatologic diseases may in the initial phase present with DAH without any evidence of capillaritis, thus mimicking IPH. Although not definitely established, it is likely that immunologic processes are involved in IPH, and we, therefore, suggest the consideration of a more suitable term for the disease, e.g., "Immune-mediated Pulmonary Hemosiderosis" to acknowledge the aberrancy in the immune parameters and a positive response to immunosuppressive therapy.
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Registered trials
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