Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34491131›Full record

ArticleRadiology2021

Deep Learning Predicts Interval and Screening-detected Cancer from Screening Mammograms: A Case-Case-Control Study in 6369 Women.

Xun Zhu, Thomas K Wolfgruber, Lambert Leong, Matthew Jensen, Christopher Scott, Stacey Winham, Peter Sadowski, Celine Vachon, Karla Kerlikowske, John A Shepherd

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Rethinking Risk Modeling with Machine Learning.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Xun ZhuFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0001-9097-7824
Thomas K WolfgruberFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0001-8770-1800
Lambert LeongFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-2927-8458
Matthew JensenFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).
Christopher ScottFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0003-1340-0647
Stacey WinhamFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-8492-9102
Peter SadowskiFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-7354-5461
Celine VachonFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-1962-9322
Karla KerlikowskeFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0001-8793-8779
John A ShepherdFrom the Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Suite 522, Honolulu, HI 96813 (X.Z., T.K.W., L.L., J.A.S.); Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.L., P.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.J., C.S., S.W., C.V.); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.).ORCID 0000-0003-2280-2541
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · US

Funding

Women's Cancer ProgramP30CA015083 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI AKHILESH PANDEY · 1985 to 2026
$151.3M
Risk-based Imaging Strategies to Improve Breast Cancer Surveillance OutcomesP01CA154292 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI KARLA M KERLIKOWSKE · 2011 to 2026
$52.9M
Automated Density Measures for Estimating Breast Cancer Risk and Therapy ResponseR01CA177150 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KERLIKOWSKE, KARLA M, VACHON, CELINE M · 2013 to 2017
$3.0M
Automated Quantitative Measures of Breast DensityR01CA166269 · NCI · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI HEINE, JOHN J · 2013 to 2016
$2.5M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA154292NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015083NCI NIH HHS R01 CA166269NCI NIH HHS R01 CA177150
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background The ability of deep learning (DL) models to classify women as at risk for either screening mammography-detected or interval cancer (not detected at mammography) has not yet been explored in the literature. Purpose To examine the ability of DL models to estimate the risk of interval and screening-detected breast cancers with and without clinical risk factors. Materials and Methods This study was performed on 25 096 digital screening mammograms obtained from January 2006 to December 2013. The mammograms were obtained in 6369 women without breast cancer, 1609 of whom developed screening-detected breast cancer and 351 of whom developed interval invasive breast cancer. A DL model was trained on the negative mammograms to classify women into those who did not develop cancer and those who developed screening-detected cancer or interval invasive cancer. Model effectiveness was evaluated as a matched concordance statistic (C statistic) in a held-out 26% (1669 of 6369) test set of the mammograms. Results The C statistics and odds ratios for comparing patients with screening-detected cancer versus matched controls were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.69) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.33), respectively, for the DL model, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.65) and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.32, 3.45) for the clinical risk factors with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density model, and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.69) and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.30) for the combined DL and clinical risk factors model. For comparing patients with interval cancer versus controls, the C statistics and odds ratios were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.71) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.45), respectively, for the DL model, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.77) and 7.25 (95% CI: 2.94, 17.9) for the risk factors with BI-RADS density (b rated vs non-b rated) model, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.78) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.29) for the combined DL and clinical risk factors model. The

Indexed as

BreastBreast NeoplasmsCase-Control StudiesDeep LearningFemaleHumansMammographyMass ScreeningMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedReproducibility of ResultsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34491131
PMCPMC8630596
OpenAlexW3197902274

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.