Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34491055›Full record

ArticleACS sensors2021

Elucidating the Mechanisms Underlying the Signal Drift of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors in Whole Blood.

Kaylyn K Leung, Alex M Downs, Gabriel Ortega, Martin Kurnik, Kevin W Plaxco

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sensors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed.

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  9. Continuous, Week-Long, Seconds-ResolvedJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kaylyn K LeungDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8966-801X
Alex M DownsCenter for Bioengineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
Gabriel OrtegaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7126-9096
Martin KurnikDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9255-9730
Kevin W PlaxcoDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4772-8771

Funding

Bio-electrochemical detectors for in vivo continuous monitoringR01EB022015 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI KIPPIN, TOD EDWARD, PLAXCO, KEVIN W · 2017 to 2025
$4.6M
Feedback controlled, ultra-high-precision drug deliveryR01AI145206 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI PLAXCO, KEVIN W · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145206NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB022015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to monitor drugs, metabolites, hormones, and other biomarkers in situ in the body would greatly advance both clinical practice and biomedical research. To this end, we are developing electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors, a platform technology able to perform real-time, in vivo monitoring of specific molecules irrespective of their chemical or enzymatic reactivity. An important obstacle to the deployment of EAB sensors in the challenging environments found in the living body is signal drift, whereby the sensor signal decreases over time. To date, we have demonstrated a number of approaches by which this drift can be corrected sufficiently well to achieve good measurement precision over multihour in vivo deployments. To achieve a much longer in vivo measurement duration, however, will likely require that we understand and address the sources of this effect. In response, here, we have systematically examined the mechanisms underlying the drift seen when EAB sensors and simpler, EAB-like devices are challenged in vitro at 37 °C in whole blood as a proxy for in vivo conditions. Our results demonstrate that electrochemically driven desorption of a self-assembled monolayer and fouling by blood components are the two primary sources of signal loss under these conditions, suggesting targeted approaches to remediating this degradation and thus improving the stability of EAB sensors and other, similar electrochemical biosensor technologies when deployed in the body.

Indexed as

electrochemical DNA biosensorelectrodesfoulingself-assembled monolayersstability

Identifiers

PMID34491055
PMCPMC12038169

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.