Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34490844›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

A simple regulatory architecture allows learning the statistical structure of a changing environment.

Stefan Landmann, Caroline M Holmes, Mikhail Tikhonov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trainable computation in molecular networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  2. The need for a new perspective on decision-making in bacteria.Communicative & integrative biology · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Dissipation + Utilization = Self-Organization.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Stefan LandmannInstitute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Caroline M HolmesDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9885-4933
Mikhail TikhonovDepartment of Physics, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9558-1121

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteria live in environments that are continuously fluctuating and changing. Exploiting any predictability of such fluctuations can lead to an increased fitness. On longer timescales, bacteria can 'learn' the structure of these fluctuations through evolution. However, on shorter timescales, inferring the statistics of the environment and acting upon this information would need to be accomplished by physiological mechanisms. Here, we use a model of metabolism to show that a simple generalization of a common regulatory motif (end-product inhibition) is sufficient both for learning continuous-valued features of the statistical structure of the environment and for translating this information into predictive behavior; moreover, it accomplishes these tasks near-optimally. We discuss plausible genetic circuits that could instantiate the mechanism we describe, including one similar to the architecture of two-component signaling, and argue that the key ingredients required for such predictive behavior are readily accessible to bacteria.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacterial Physiological PhenomenaModels, TheoreticalLearningSignal TransductionSystems Biologycomputational biologyfluctuating environmentlearningmetabolic regulationnonephysics of living systemssystems biology

Identifiers

PMID34490844
PMCPMC8423446

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.