ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2022
Democracy and case fatality rate of COVID-19 at early stage of pandemic: a multicountry study.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sociopolitical context and COVID-19 fatality rates in OECD countries: a configurational approach.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Democratic quality and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in European and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The determinants of COVID-19 case reporting across Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and democracy: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Individualism, economic development, and democracy as determinants of COVID-19 risk information on 132 government websites.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Associations between institutional-social-ecological factors and COVID -19 case-fatality: Evidence from 134 countries using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- A Comparative Analysis on the Social Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in Fragile and Conflict Affected Settings and Non-fragile and Conflict Affected Settings.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Article
- Mortality in Four Waves of COVID-19 Is Differently Associated with Healthcare Capacities Affected by Economic Disparities.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Variations of COVID-19 mortality are affected by economic disparities across countries.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Government Reactions, Citizens' Responses, and COVID-19 around the World.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Many studies have evaluated factors that influence the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries. This multicountry study assessed the influence of democracy and other factors on the case fatality rate of COVID-19 during the early stage of the pandemic. We accessed the World Health Organization, World Bank, and the Democracy Index 2019 databases for data from the 148 countries. Multiple analyses were conducted to examine the association between the Democracy Index and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Within 148 countries, the percentage of the population aged 65 years and above (p = 0.0193), and health expenditure as a percentage of GDP (p = 0.0237) were positively associated with countries' case fatality rates. By contrast, hospital beds per capita helped to reduce the case fatality rates. In particular, the Democracy Index was positively associated with case fatality rates in a subgroup of 47 high-income countries. This study suggests that enhancing the health system with increased hospital beds and healthcare workforce per capita should reduce case fatality rate. The findings suggest that a higher Democracy Index is associated with more deaths from COVID-19 at the early stage of the pandemic, possibly due to the decreased ability of the government.
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