Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34490484›Full record

ArticleMolecular medicine reports2021

Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy.

Cuixiang Xu, Xiaoyan Huang, Yubin Huang, Xiao Liu, Min Wu, Jianhua Wang, Xianglong Duan

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Cuixiang Xu *Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China.
Xiaoyan Huang *Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China.
Yubin HuangClinical Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China.
Xiao LiuClinical Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China.
Min WuDepartment of Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China.
Jianhua WangSecond Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China.
Xianglong DuanSecond Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China.
Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital · CNShaanxi Provincial People's Hospital · CNXi'an Medical University · CNShanxi Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Naringin (Nar) is one of the natural glycosides extracted from pomelo and other citrus fruits. It has various pharmacological activities, including anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‑proliferative and anti‑cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Nar regulates apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of Nar and the underlying mechanisms. SNU‑1 cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Cell morphological changes were observed under a phase‑contrast microscope. The changes in the cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry analysis and the changes in cell apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 and TUNEL staining. The protein levels pertaining to the PI3K/AKT pathway and cell apoptosis and autophagy were monitored using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that Nar significantly inhibited SNU‑1 cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that Nar blocked the PI3K/AKT pathway, activated cell autophagy and stimulated the expression of apoptosis‑associated protein cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, but decreased the expression of Bcl‑2. Preincubating SNU‑1 cells with 3‑methyladenine, a cell‑autophagy inhibitor, significantly alleviated the effects of Nar in promoting cell apoptosis and cleaved caspase 3 expression. It was concluded that Nar promoted SNU‑1 cell apoptosis via blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and activating cell autophagy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicApoptosisAutophagyCarcinomaCell Line, TumorFlavanonesHumansPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSignal TransductionStomach NeoplasmsAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicFlavanonesnaringinPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktapoptosiscell autophagygastric carcinoma SNU‑1 cellsnaringinPI3K/AKT

Identifiers

PMID34490484
PMCPMC8441985
OpenAlexW3197572255

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.