ArticleEClinicalMedicine2021
Increased risk of severe clinical course of COVID-19 in carriers of HLA-C*04:01.
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Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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61citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HLA-C-derived peptide MH-1 as an early-stage intervention against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Identification of HLA Variants Associated with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Using a Machine Learning Approach.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of hybrid immunity in a Vietnamese COVID-19 cohort demonstrates vaccination-associated broadening of cross-variant neutralization across diverse HLA backgrounds.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Expanding Role of HLA-E in Host Defense: A Target for Broadly Applicable Vaccines and Immunotherapies.Cells · 2025Review
- DD-CC-II: Data Driven Cell-Cell Interaction Inference and Its Application to COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- HLA Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Insights From an Iranian Patients Cohort.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Coronavirus replicase epitopes induce cross-reactive CD8 T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive people with HIV-1.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Predominant T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 restricted by multiple prevalent HLA-B and HLA-C allotypes in Northeast Asia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and HLA Alleles in a Caucasian Population: A Molecular HLA Typing Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Systematic assessment of COVID-19 host genetics using whole genome sequencing data.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- HLA-C Peptide Repertoires as Predictors of Clinical Response during Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in a Spanish Population.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- T cell-mediated Immune response and correlates of inflammation and their relationship with COVID-19 clinical severity: not an intuitive guess.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Human Genetic Differences in the Outcomes of mRNA Vaccination against COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Narrative Review Explaining the Role ofInfectious disease reports · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
70 authors at 12 institutions in 7 countries.
January WeinerBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics Berlin, DE 10178, Germany.
Phillip SuwalskiDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Manuel HoltgreweBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Genomics Berlin, DE 10178, Germany.
Alexander RakitkoGenotek Ltd., Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, R 105120 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Charlotte ThibeaultCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Melina MüllerDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Dimitri PatrikiKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Claudia QuedenauMax Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, DE 13125, Germany.
Ulrike KrügerBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Genomics Berlin, DE 10178, Germany.
Valery IlinskyGenotek Ltd., Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, R 105120 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Iaroslav PopovGenotek Ltd., Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, R 105120 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Joseph BalnisDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA.
Ariel JaitovichDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA.
Elisa T HelbigCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Lena J LippertCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Paula StubbemannCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Luis M RealUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, ES 41014, Spain.
Juan MacíasUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, ES 41014, Spain.
Juan A PinedaUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, ES 41014, Spain.
Marta Fernandez-FuertesUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, ES 41014, Spain.
Xiaomin WangDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Zehra KaradenizDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Jacopo SaccomannoCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Jan-Moritz DoehnCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Ralf-Harto HübnerCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Bernd HinzmannRoche Sequencing Solutions Pleasanton, USA 94588.
Mauricio SalvoRoche Sequencing Solutions Pleasanton, USA 94588.
Anja BlueherRoche Sequencing Solutions Pleasanton, USA 94588.
Sandra SiemannRoche Sequencing Solutions Pleasanton, USA 94588.
Stjepan JurisicKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Juerg H BeerKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Jonas RutishauserKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Benedikt WiggliKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Hansruedi SchmidKantonsspital Baden AG, Department of Medicine, Baden, CH 5404, Switzerland.
Kathrin DanningerDepartment of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria.
Ronald BinderDepartment of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria.
Victor M CormanCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology Chariteplatz, 1 d-10117, Berlin, DE, 10117, Germany.
Barbara MühlemannCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology Chariteplatz, 1 d-10117, Berlin, DE, 10117, Germany.
Rao Arjun ArkalImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gabriela K FragiadakisImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Eran MickDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Consortium CometCOMET (COVID-19 Multiphenotyping for Effective Therapies) Consortium members are listed in the Supplementary Appendix 1.
Carolyn S CalfeeDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
David J ErleImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Carolyn M HendricksonDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kirsten N KangelarisDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Matthew F KrummelImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Prescott G WoodruffImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Charles R LangelierDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Urmila VenkataramaniImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Federico GarcíaHospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Ibs. Granada, Spain.
Joanna ZylaDepartment of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
Christian DrostenCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology Chariteplatz, 1 d-10117, Berlin, DE, 10117, Germany.
Braun AliceCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Chariteplatz 1 d-10117 Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Terry C JonesCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology Chariteplatz, 1 d-10117, Berlin, DE, 10117, Germany.
Norbert SuttorpCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Martin WitzenrathCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Stefan HippenstielCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Tomasz ZemojtelBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Genomics Berlin, DE 10178, Germany.
Carsten SkurkDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Wolfgang PollerDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Tatiana BorodinaMax Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, DE 13125, Germany.
Study Group Pa-CovidPa-COVID Study Group, Members are listed in the Supplementary Appendix 2.
Stephan RipkeCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Chariteplatz 1 d-10117 Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Leif E SanderCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Dieter BeuleBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics Berlin, DE 10178, Germany.
Ulf LandmesserDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Toumy GuettoucheRoche Sequencing Solutions Pleasanton, USA 94588.
Florian KurthCharite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine Berlin, DE 10117, Germany.
Bettina HeideckerDepartment of Cardiology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, DE 12203, Germany.
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEUniversity of California, San Francisco · USBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEKantonsspital Baden · CHLa Roche College · USHospital Universitario de Valme · ESMax Delbrück Center · DEAlbany Medical Center Hospital · USBroad Institute · USKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen · ATSilesian University of Technology · PLUniversity of Cambridge · GB
Funding
Understanding Asthma EndotypesU19AI077439 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PRESCOTT G WOODRUFF · 2008 to 2026
$41.1MPrecision Medicine in the Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeR35HL140026 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CALFEE, CAROLYN · 2018 to 2024
$6.8MMetabolic regulation of hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-driven skeletal muscle dysfunctionR01HL160661 · NHLBI · ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE · PI Adolfo Ariel Jaitovich · 2022 to 2026
$2.8MAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury: Platelet Biology, Endothelial Activation, and Mechanical VentilationK23HL133495 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HENDRICKSON, CAROLYN MARIE · 2016 to 2020
$994kMechanisms and clinical relevance of hypercapnia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)K01HL130704 · NHLBI · ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE · PI JAITOVICH, ADOLFO ARIEL · 2016 to 2021
$835kNHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL130704NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL133495NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL160661NHLBI NIH HHS R35 HL140026NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400008CNIAID NIH HHS U19 AI077439
Abstract
backgroundSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been increasing urgency to identify pathophysiological characteristics leading to severe clinical course in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human leukocyte antigen alleles (HLA) have been suggested as potential genetic host factors that affect individual immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We sought to evaluate this hypothesis by conducting a multicenter study using HLA sequencing.
methodsWe analyzed the association between COVID-19 severity and HLAs in 435 individuals from Germany (
findingsWe describe a potential association of HLA-C*04:01 with severe clinical course of COVID-19. Carriers of HLA-C*04:01 had twice the risk of intubation when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (risk ratio 1.5 [95% CI 1.1-2.1], odds ratio 3.5 [95% CI 1.9-6.6], adjusted
interpretationHLA-C*04:01 carrier state is associated with severe clinical course in SARS-CoV-2. Our findings suggest that HLA class I alleles have a relevant role in immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.
fundingFunded by Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc.
Indexed as
COVID-19GeneticsHuman Leukocyte AntigenintubationSARS-CoV-2
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