Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34490271›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021

How Phagocytes Acquired the Capability of Hunting and Removing Pathogens From a Human Body: Lessons Learned From Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis of

Xuehua Xu, Miao Pan, Tian Jin

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The applicability of the MigratestBMC veterinary research · 2025
    Article
  2. The battle within: cell death by phagocytosis in cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Journal of bacteriology · 2024
    Review
  6. Review
  7. The Effect of Orally Administered Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  8. Cell death by phagocytosis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Frontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xuehua XuChemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States.
Miao PanChemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States.
Tian JinChemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · US

Funding

The mechanisms underlying the GPCR-mediated chemotaxis in D. discoideumZIAAI000916 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI JIN, TIAN · 2009 to 2025
$12.3M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AI000916
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How phagocytes find invading microorganisms and eliminate pathogenic ones from human bodies is a fundamental question in the study of infectious diseases. About 2.5 billion years ago, eukaryotic unicellular organisms-protozoans-appeared and started to interact with various bacteria. Less than 1 billion years ago, multicellular animals-metazoans-appeared and acquired the ability to distinguish self from non-self and to remove harmful organisms from their bodies. Since then, animals have developed innate immunity in which specialized white-blood cells phagocytes- patrol the body to kill pathogenic bacteria. The social amoebae

Indexed as

chemotaxisD. discoideuminnate immunityphagocytephagocytosis

Identifiers

PMID34490271
PMCPMC8417749
OpenAlexW3194524977

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.