Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34490181›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2021

The Impact of Structural Inequities on Older Asian Americans During COVID-19.

Kris Pui Kwan Ma, Adrian Matias Bacong, Simona C Kwon, Stella S Yi, Lan N Ðoàn

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. "I feel like a caged pig in here": Language, Race, and Ethnic Identity in a Case Study Hmong Nursing Home Resident Quality of Life.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
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  19. Critical Perspectives on Expanding Racial/Ethnic Diversity in the HIV Research Workforce: Comorbidities and Mentoring.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kris Pui Kwan MaDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.
Adrian Matias BacongDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Simona C KwonDepartment of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Stella S YiDepartment of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Lan N ÐoànDepartment of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
New York University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Scaling Community-Clinical Linkage Models to Address Diabetes and Hypertension Disparities in the Southeastern U.S.U54MD000538 · NIMHD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI KWON, SIMONA, TRINH-SHEVRIN, CHAU · 2017 to 2022
$11.3M
Res-Ed ComponentP30AG059302 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Rachel M Werner, Allison Willis · 2018 to 2026
$6.4M
Training in Healthcare Financing, Organization and Delivery for Aging PopulationsT32AG051090 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PAULY, MARK, WERNER, RACHEL M · 2015 to 2019
$652k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG059302NIA NIH HHS T32 AG051090NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD000538
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structural racism manifests as an historical and continued invisibility of Asian Americans, whose experiences of disparities and diverse needs are omitted in research, data, and policy. During the pandemic, this invisibility intersects with rising anti-Asian violence and other persistent structural inequities that contribute to higher COVID-19 mortality in older Asian Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites. This perspective describes how structural inequities in social determinants of health-namely immigration, language and telehealth access, and economic conditions-lead to increased COVID-19 mortality and barriers to care among older Asian Americans. Specifically, we discuss how the historically racialized immigration system has patterned older Asian immigrant subpopulations into working in frontline essential occupations with high COVID-19 exposure. The threat of "public charge" rule has also prevented Asian immigrants from receiving eligible public assistance including COVID-19 testing and vaccination programs. We highlight the language diversity among older Asian Americans and how language access remains unaddressed in clinical and non-clinical services and creates barriers to routine and COVID-19 related care, particularly in geographic regions with small Asian American populations. We discuss the economic insecurity of older Asian immigrants and how co-residence in multigenerational homes has exposed them to greater risk of coronavirus transmission. Using an intersectionality-informed approach to address structural inequities, we recommend the disaggregation of racial/ethnic data, meaningful inclusion of older Asian Americans in research and policy, and equitable investment in community and multi-sectoral partnerships to improve health and wellbeing of older Asian Americans.

Indexed as

COVID-19RacismAgedAsianCOVID-19 TestingHumansSARS-CoV-2agingAsian AmericansCOVID-19intersectionalityolder adultsracism

Identifiers

PMID34490181
PMCPMC8417937
OpenAlexW3193796800

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.