ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
The Clinical Application of 3D-Printed Boluses in Superficial Tumor Radiotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on healing of ionizing irradiated bone: a systematic review of in vivo animal studies.Lasers in medical science · 2022Pooled it
- A Target-Specific, "Eco-Friendly" Experimental Setup for Small Field Proton Irradiation.International journal of particle therapy · 2026Article
- Revisiting Radiotherapy for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Clinical Outcomes, Safety, and Optimization Strategies: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Review of 3D-Printed Medical Devices for Cancer Radiation Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effect of different bolus application methods on target dose in radiotherapy after radical mastectomy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical application of 3D-printed bolus in postmastectomy radiotherapy.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025Article
- Dosimetric Impact of Air Gaps in High-Dose-Rate Contact Interventional Radiotherapy (Modern Brachytherapy) for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Ear.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Complete Dosimetric Characterization of an In-House Manufactured SFRT Grid Collimator by 3D Printing with PLA-W Composite Filament.Polymers · 2025Article
- 3D-printed boluses for radiotherapy: influence of geometrical and printing parameters on dosimetric characterization and air gap evaluation.Radiological physics and technology · 2024Article
- 3D-printed vaginal cylindrical template with curved needle channels in MRI-guided vaginal cuff brachytherapy.Journal of contemporary brachytherapy · 2023Article
- Technical note: Commissioning of a low-cost system for directly 3D printed flexible bolus.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2023Article
- Evaluations of patient-specific bolus fabricated by mold-and-cast method using computer numerical control machine tools†.Journal of radiation research · 2023Article
- A quick guide on implementing and quality assuring 3D printing in radiation oncology.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2023Review
- A total inverse planning paradigm: Prospective clinical trial evaluating the performance of a novel MR-based 3D-printed head immobilization device.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2023Article
- Harnessing progress in radiotherapy for global cancer control.Nature cancer · 2023Review
- Clinical Application of a Customized 3D-Printed Bolus in Radiation Therapy for Distal Extremities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Radiotherapy for keratoacanthoma of facial skin: A case report and review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the procedure of radiotherapy for superficial tumors, the key to treatment is to ensure that the skin surface receives an adequate radiation dose. However, due to the presence of the built-up effect of high-energy rays, equivalent tissue compensators (boluses) with appropriate thickness should be placed on the skin surface to increase the target radiation dose. Traditional boluses do not usually fit the skin perfectly. Wet gauze is variable in thickness day to day which results in air gaps between the skin and the bolus. These unwanted but avoidable air gaps lead to a decrease of the radiation dose in the target area and can have a poor effect on the outcome. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, a new rising technology named "additive manufacturing" (AM), could create physical models with specific shapes from digital information by using special materials. It has been favored in many fields because of its advantages, including less waste, low-cost, and individualized design. It is not an exception in the field of radiotherapy, personalized boluses made through 3D printing technology also make up for a number of shortcomings of the traditional commercial bolus. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have tried to use 3D-printed boluses for clinical applications rather than commercial boluses. Here, we review the 3D-printed bolus's material selection and production process, its clinical applications, and potential radioactive dermatitis. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that still need to be addressed with the 3D-printed boluses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.