ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
The Effects of Trained Innate Immunity on T Cell Responses; Clinical Implications and Knowledge Gaps for Future Research.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emergency myelopoiesis in murine arthritis results in cell-intrinsic changes in dendritic cell development and function.iScience · 2026Article
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Trained immunity: new paradigm in the immunological memory of cardiovascular disease.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- T cell-intrinsic PRR signaling in immunity and pathology.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Innate immune regulation of adaptive immunity: mechanisms, implications, and bias.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Low hypoxia tolerance as a determinant of the proinflammatory phenotype: a trained immunity perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Randomized field trial of a therapeutic vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection in dogs and correlates for efficacy.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Long-term DNA methylation changes mediate heterologous cytokine responses after BCG vaccination.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Enteral immunization with live bacteria reprograms innate immune cells and protects neonatal foals from pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases.eLife · 2025Review
- mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Production of IL-1β and IL-10 by Blood Cells of Rats before and One Month after Sublethal Hypoxic Exposure in a Decompression Chamber.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- PBMC transcriptomic signatures reflect Trypanosoma cruzi strain diversity and trained immunity in chronically infected macaques.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Recent Advances of Trained immunity in Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Reversing inflammatory diseases via trained immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Trained immunity in atherosclerosis: plasticity, metabolic-vascular axis, and AI-driven precision remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- β-glucan induced trained immunity enhances antibody levels in a vaccination model in mice.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Cellular and Transcriptomic Early Innate Immune Response to BCG Vaccination in Mice.Cells · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The burgeoning field of innate immune training, also called trained immunity, has given immunologists new insights into the role of innate responses in protection against infection and in modulating inflammation. Moreover, it has led to a paradigm shift in the way we think about immune memory and the interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems in conferring immunity against pathogens. Trained immunity is the term used to describe the medium-term epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells in peripheral tissues or in the bone marrow stem cell niche. It is elicited by an initial challenge, followed by a significant period of rest that results in an altered response to a subsequent, unrelated challenge. Trained immunity can be associated with increased production of proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, TNF and IL-6, and increased expression of markers on innate immune cells associated with antigen presentation to T cells. The microenvironment created by trained innate immune cells during the secondary challenge may have profound effects on T cell responses, such as altering the differentiation, polarisation and function of T cell subtypes, including Th17 cells. In addition, the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ plays a critical role in establishing trained immunity. In this review, we discuss the evidence that trained immunity impacts on or can be impacted by T cells. Understanding the interplay between innate immune training and how it effects adaptive immunity will give insights into how this phenomenon may affect the development or progression of disease and how it could be exploited for therapeutic interventions or to enhance vaccine efficacy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.