ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Interpreting Immunoregulation in Lung Fibrosis: A New Branch of the Immune Model.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mammalian Neuraminidases in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Mucins and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The Extract ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Impact of particulate matter 2.5 on a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- A Simple Ratio in a Complex Disease: Exploring the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Canadian respiratory journal · 2025Review
- Traditional Herbal Plants and their Phytoconstituents Based Remedies for Respiratory Diseases: A Review.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2025Review
- Immune mechanisms and novel therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- The role of macrophage polarization and cellular crosstalk in the pulmonary fibrotic microenvironment: a review.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- AMPK signaling inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts: impact on age-related tissue fibrosis and degeneration.Biogerontology · 2024Review
- Machine learning algorithm predicts fibrosis-related blood diagnosis markers of intervertebral disc degeneration.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Imperatorin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via GDF15 expression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Cannabinoid Analogue WIN 55212-2 Protects Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury and Enhances Macrophage M2 Polarization.Inflammation · 2022Article
- SARA suppresses myofibroblast precursor transdifferentiation in fibrogenesis in a mouse model of scleroderma.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Heterogeneous microenvironment analysis to explore the potential regulatory role of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- 4-Hexylresorcinol: pharmacologic chaperone and its application for wound healing.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunostimulation is recognized as an important contribution in lung fibrosis in some animal models and patient subsets. With this review, we illustrate an additional scenario covering the possible implication of immunoregulation during fibrogenesis. Available animal and human data indicate that pulmonary fibrosis also includes diverse and discrete immunoregulating populations comprising regulatory lymphocytes (T and B regs) and myeloid cells (immunosuppressive macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressive cells; MDSC). They are initially recruited to limit the establishment of deleterious inflammation but participate in the development of lung fibrosis by producing immunoregulatory mediators (mainly TGF-β1 and IL-10) that directly or indirectly stimulate fibroblasts and matrix protein deposition. The existence of this silent immunoregulatory environment sustains an alternative mechanism of fibrosis that explains why in some conditions neither pro-inflammatory cytokine deficiency nor steroid and immunosuppressive therapies limit lung fibrosis. Therefore, the persistent presence of immunoregulation is an important parameter to consider for refining therapeutical strategies in lung fibrotic disorders under non-immunostimulatory conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.