Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34489693›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021

Mini Review: Current Trends and Understanding of Exosome Therapeutic Potential in Corneal Diseases.

Anil Tiwari, Aastha Singh, Sudhir Verma, Sarah Stephenson, Tuhin Bhowmick, Virender Singh Sangwan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Role of miRNA in adult ocular tumorigenesis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Anil TiwariDepartment of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Aastha SinghDepartment of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Sudhir VermaDepartment of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India.
Sarah StephensonPandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India.
Tuhin BhowmickPandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India.
Virender Singh SangwanDepartment of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted by most cell types. They are nanosized EVs ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The membrane-enclosed bodies originate by the process of endocytosis and mainly comprise DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids. Exosomes not only act as cell-to-cell communication signaling mediators but also have the potential to act as biomarkers for clinical application and as a promising carrier for drug delivery. Unfortunately, the purification methods for exosomes remain an obstacle. While most of the exosome researches are mainly focused on cancer, there are limited studies highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, specifically cornea-associated pathologies. Here, we summarize a brief description of exosome biogenesis, roles of exosomes and exosome-based therapies in corneal pathologies, and exosome bioengineering for tissue-specific therapy.

Indexed as

bioengineeringbiomarkercorneaexosomestearwound healing

Identifiers

PMID34489693
PMCPMC8417240

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.