ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2021
Clinical and therapeutic relevance of cancer-associated fibroblasts.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 766 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
766 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Collagenase-mediated extracellular matrix targeting for enhanced drug penetration and therapeutic efficacy in nanoscale delivery systems for cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- The molecular heterogeneity and clinical impact of genomic driver alterations in prostate cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Integration Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming and EMT-Driven Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- A TERRA-NONO axis drives fibroblast reprogramming in cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- SFRP2Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Article
- Cholangiocarcinoma:Unveiling the cold tumor microenvironment and strategies for immune rejuvenation.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment-simulated organoids for personalized therapy prediction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts: therapeutic strategies, translational challenges, and future perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- GLG1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes bladder cancer growth while limiting tumor apoptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Dual Functions of B7-H3-MAPK Signaling Orchestrate Tumor Immunosuppression via Regulating the Plasticity of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Fibroblasts.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle proteins monitor and interfere with CLDN18.2-targeted CAR-T cell and antibody therapies against gastrointestinal cancers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Inhalable Degradation-Tunable Hybrid Nanoparticles With Rapid Lysosomal Escape for Dual siRNA Therapy Against NSCLC.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrated pan-cancer analysis reveals a cancer-associated fibroblast oxidative stress response signature predicting immunotherapy response and prognosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: from composition to therapeutic targeting.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Myofibroblast-Like CAFs in Metastatic Lymph Nodes Drive Tumor Stemness and Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Mitophagy-Competent Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Fuel Chemoresistance by Rewiring Pyrimidine Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- A 3D-Printed Vascular-Like Perfusion Tumor-on-a-Chip Recapitulates High-Grade Breast Cancer With in Vivo-Relevant Drug Resistance.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- MiR-375 in CAFs-Derived EVs Promotes HCC Progression via Regulating RASA1 and May Potentially Serve as a Biomarker for HCC.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The silent conductors of tumor evolution and therapy refractoriness.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
706 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) found in primary and metastatic tumours are highly versatile, plastic and resilient cells that are actively involved in cancer progression through complex interactions with other cell types in the tumour microenvironment. As well as generating extracellular matrix components that contribute to the structure and function of the tumour stroma, CAFs undergo epigenetic changes to produce secreted factors, exosomes and metabolites that influence tumour angiogenesis, immunology and metabolism. Because of their putative pro-oncogenic functions, CAFs have long been considered an attractive therapeutic target; however, clinical trials of treatment strategies targeting CAFs have mostly ended in failure and, in some cases, accelerated cancer progression and resulted in inferior survival outcomes. Importantly, CAFs are heterogeneous cells and their characteristics and interactions with other cell types might change dynamically as cancers evolve. Studies involving single-cell RNA sequencing and novel mouse models have increased our understanding of CAF diversity, although the context-dependent roles of different CAF populations and their interchangeable plasticity remain largely unknown. Comprehensive characterization of the tumour-promoting and tumour-restraining activities of CAF subtypes, including how these complex bimodal functions evolve and are subjugated by neoplastic cells during cancer progression, might facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this Review, the clinical relevance of CAFs is summarized with an emphasis on their value as prognosis factors and therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.