ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2022
Heart failure with mid-range or mildly reduced ejection fraction.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 419 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of exercise training on exercise tolerance, cardiac function and quality of life in individuals with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Improvement of Hemodynamics and Quality of Life Before and After Interatrial Shunt Devices Implantation for Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction management: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2024Pooled it
- Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Reduced Left Ventricular Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Handgrip strength and the prognosis of patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Inspiratory muscle training as an adjunct to standard cardiac rehabilitation in patients with LVEF < 50%: a randomized controlled trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Trial
- Impact of pulse pressure variability evaluated by visit-to-visit on heart failure events in patients with hypertension: insights from the SPRINT trial.European journal of medical research · 2024Trial
- Vericiguat on C-reactive Protein Level and Prognosis in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Failure.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Trial
- Torsemide Versus Furosemide After Discharge in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Ejection Fraction: Findings From TRANSFORM-HF.Circulation. Heart failure · 2024Trial
- Inflammatory cytokines and immune signalling in heart failure: mechanisms, models, and emerging therapies.Cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Practical Implementation of Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in the Management of Heart Failure.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Risk prediction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the LIFE-Preserved model.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence and prognosis of multimorbidity in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Native QRS duration and outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction: results from a large-scaled registry.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Integrated miRNA-cytokine profiling reveals a molecular signature of cachexia in patients with chronic heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Contemporary medical therapy for heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Heart Failure with Reduced and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Network Interpretive Framework of Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Differentiating HFmr/rEF from HFpEF using standard 12-lead ECG measurements: an interpretable machine learning study.Open heart · 2026Article
- Association between chronic kidney disease and heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: a retrospective case-control study from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) remains the major parameter for diagnosis, phenotyping, prognosis and treatment decisions in heart failure. The 2016 ESC heart failure guidelines introduced a third EF category for an EF of 40-49%, defined as heart failure with mid-range EF (HFmrEF). This category has been largely unexplored compared with heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF; defined as EF <40% in this Review) and heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF; defined as EF ≥50%). The prevalence of HFmrEF within the overall population of patients with HF is 10-25%. HFmrEF seems to be an intermediate clinical entity between HFrEF and HFpEF in some respects, but more similar to HFrEF in others, in particular with regard to the high prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in these patients. HFmrEF is milder than HFrEF, and the risk of cardiovascular events is lower in patients with HFmrEF or HFpEF than in those with HFrEF. By contrast, the risk of non-cardiovascular adverse events is similar or greater in patients with HFmrEF or HFpEF than in those with HFrEF. Evidence from post hoc and subgroup analyses of randomized clinical trials and a trial of an SGLT1-SGLT2 inhibitor suggests that drugs that are effective in patients with HFrEF might also be effective in patients with HFmrEF. Although the EF is a continuous measure with considerable variability, in this comprehensive Review we suggest that HFmrEF is a useful categorization of patients with HF and shares the most important clinical features with HFrEF, which supports the renaming of HFmrEF to HF with mildly reduced EF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.