Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34489454›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2021

Chinese gut microbiota and its associations with staple food type, ethnicity, and urbanization.

Jing Lu, Li Zhang, Qixiao Zhai, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Yuan-Kun Lee, Wenwei Lu, Mingkun Li, Wei Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Alternating High-Fat and Polysaccharide Diets Modulates Gut Phage-Bacterial Interplay.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  7. Article
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  16. The Effects and Adverse Reactions of Different Bowel Cleansers on Gut Microbiota After Colonoscopy.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jing Lu *State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8147-6267
Li Zhang *Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7615-4976
Qixiao ZhaiState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Jianxin ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Hao ZhangState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Yuan-Kun LeeInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3884-4706
Wenwei LuState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. luwenwei@jiangnan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-8636-9815
Mingkun LiKey Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China. limk@big.ac.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-1041-1172
Wei ChenState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. chenwei66@jiangnan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-3348-4710

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut microbiota could affect human health and disease. Although disease-associated microbiota alteration has been extensively investigated in the Chinese population, a nationwide Chinese gut microbiota baseline is still lacking. Here we performed 16 S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from 2678 healthy Chinese individuals, who belonged to eight ethnic groups and resided in 63 counties/cities of 28 provinces. We identified four enterotypes, three of which were enriched for Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Escherichia, respectively, whereas the fourth one had no dominant genus. By assessing the association between the gut microbiota and 20 variables belonging to six categories, geography, demography, diet, urbanization, lifestyle, and sampling month, we revealed that geography explained the largest microbiota variation, and clarified the distinct patterns in the associations with staple food type, ethnicity, and urban/rural residence. Specifically, the gut microbiota of Han Chinese and ethnic minority groups from the same sites was more alike than that of the same ethnic minority groups from different sites. Individuals consuming wheat as staple food were predicted to have more microbial genes involving in glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis than those who consumed rice, based on functional prediction. Besides, an appreciable effect of urbanization on decreased intra-individual diversity, increased inter-individual diversity, and increased proportion of the Bacteroides enterotype was observed. Collectively, our study provided a nationwide gut microbiota baseline of the Chinese population and knowledge on important covariates, which are fundamental to translational microbiota research.

Indexed as

Asian PeopleDietEthnicityGastrointestinal TractUrbanizationAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBacteriaBiodiversityChildChild, PreschoolChinaEthnic and Racial MinoritiesFecesRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID34489454
PMCPMC8421333

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.