ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2022
Income and neighbourhood deprivation in relation to obesity in urban dwelling children 0-12 years of age: a cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2019.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence, determinants, intervention strategies and current gaps in addressing childhood malnutrition in Vietnam: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Observational
- Environmental Determinants of Pediatric Obesity: An Epidemiological Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Social Vulnerability and Age at Sleeve Gastrectomy among Adolescents: Does ZIP Code Make a Difference? - A COSMIC Retrospective Study.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on BMI and Obesity among Underrepresented Populations: A Longitudinal Analysis of the All of Us Dataset.Research square · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Associations of Longitudinal BMI-Percentile Classification Patterns in Early Childhood with Neighborhood-Level Social Determinants of Health.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- School dietary habits & oral health experiences of primary school children in Johannesburg.PloS one · 2025Article
- Socio-Ecologic Influences on Weight Trajectories Among Children with Obesity Living in Rural and Urban Settings.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Article
- Socio-Spatial Segregation of Unhealthy Food Environments across Public Schools in Santiago, Chile.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Impact of Household Economic and Mothers' Time Affluence on Obesity in Japanese Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Associations between social determinants of health and weight status in preschool children: a population-based study.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
- Association between maternal marginalization and infants born with congenital heart disease in Ontario Canada.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Trends in school-neighbourhood inequalities and youth obesity: Repeated cross-sectional analyses of the public schools in the state of California.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Addressing Weight Stigma and Weight-Based Discrimination in Children: Preparing Pediatricians to Meet the Challenge.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and early childhood growth: a continuous observation from 3 months to 6 years of age.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity is a major public health concern. This study evaluated the independent and joint associations of family-level income, neighbourhood-level income and neighbourhood deprivation, in relation to child obesity.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in children ≤12 years of age from TARGet Kids! primary care network (Greater Toronto Area, 2013-2019). Parent-reported family income was compared with median neighbourhood income and neighbourhood deprivation measured using the Ontario Marginalization Index. Children's height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) z-scores (zBMI) were calculated. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated for the three exposure variables separately using multilevel multinomial logistic regression models with zBMI categories as the outcome, adjusting in model 1 for age, sex, ethnicity and number of family members and in model 2 adding family income. A joint measure was derived combining income and deprivation measures.
resultsA total of 5962 children were included. Low family income (Q1 vs Q5: OR=4.69, 95% CI 2.65 to 8.29), low neighbourhood income (Q1 vs Q5: OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.58) and high neighbourhood deprivation (Q1 vs Q5: OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.95) were each associated with increased OR of child obesity. However, after adjustment for family income, the association for both neighbourhood income (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.34) and deprivation (OR=1.56, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.58) and obesity was attenuated. Children from low-income families living in low-income or high deprivation neighbourhoods had higher OR of obesity.
conclusionChild obesity was independently associated with low family-level income and a joint measure suggests that neighbourhood also matters. Socioeconomic inequalities at both individual and neighbourhood levels should be addressed in childhood obesity interventions.
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