ArticleGut2021
Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of adherence to high-quality dietary pattern on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Global burden of dietary-related mortality in working-age population, 1990-2021: trends and disparities across 204 countries and territories.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- A prospective observational study of lifestyle behaviors and biomarkers to promote cardiometabolic health in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Do Diet, Oral Hygiene, and Sleep Habits Correlate with Severe COVID-19?International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- A one health perspective on the intestinal microbiome's role in COVID-19 outcomes and recovery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Greater fatigue is more strongly associated with reduced reward sensitivity in the long-term phase of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) than in the early phase.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Eastern healthy dietary patterns in relation to all-cause mortality.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Food Swamps and Transportation Access: Intersecting Structural Determinants of Food Shopping and Access in Marginalized Urban Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Investigating the association between major dietary patterns and disease outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Energy and Macronutrient Dietary Intakes of Vegetarian and Semi-Vegetarian Serbian Adults: Data from the EFSA EU Menu Food Consumption Survey (2017-2022).Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Diet Quality on COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes-A Scoping Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the differences in healthy lifestyle behaviors between Chinese urban and rural residency after the termination of social distancing: analysis based on propensity score matching.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Toward a roadmap for addressing today's health dilemma-The 101-statement consensus report.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates symptoms and modulates the gut microbiota in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Symptom Severity and Duration of COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) Among Hospitalized Elderly Patients.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- Self-management and role of nurses of diabetic patients: a critical narrative literature review during COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Long COVID-19 autoantibodies and their potential effect on fertility.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Vaccination and food consumption: association with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in Brazilian adults (CUME Study).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePoor metabolic health and unhealthy lifestyle factors have been associated with risk and severity of COVID-19, but data for diet are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association of diet quality with risk and severity of COVID-19 and its interaction with socioeconomic deprivation.
designWe used data from 592 571 participants of the smartphone-based COVID-19 Symptom Study. Diet information was collected for the prepandemic period using a short food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed using a healthful Plant-Based Diet Score, which emphasises healthy plant foods such as fruits or vegetables. Multivariable Cox models were fitted to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for COVID-19 risk and severity defined using a validated symptom-based algorithm or hospitalisation with oxygen support, respectively.
resultsOver 3 886 274 person-months of follow-up, 31 815 COVID-19 cases were documented. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of the diet score, high diet quality was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.94) and severe COVID-19 (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.74). The joint association of low diet quality and increased deprivation on COVID-19 risk was higher than the sum of the risk associated with each factor alone (P
conclusionsA diet characterised by healthy plant-based foods was associated with lower risk and severity of COVID-19. This association may be particularly evident among individuals living in areas with higher socioeconomic deprivation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.