ArticleBMJ open2021
Relationship between food insecurity and smoking status among women living with and at risk for HIV in the USA: a cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of food insecurity with the use of tobacco products and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity: evidence from a population-based study in South Korea, 2019-2021.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity Prevalence and Risk Factors among Persons with HIV in a Southeastern US Clinical Care Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Exploring the non-linear association of daily cigarette consumption behavior and food security- An application of CMP GAM regression.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Food Insecurity Among HIV-Positive Smokers in Vietnam.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Impact of smoking cessation on household food security.Annals of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Estimates of prevalence, time-trend, and association of smoking in adults living with HIV, HBV, and HCV (NHANES 1999-2018).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Integrating Social Determinants of Health With Tobacco Treatment for Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: Feasibility and Acceptability Study of Delivery Through Text Messaging.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) in the USA, particularly women, have a higher prevalence of food insecurity than the general population. Cigarette smoking among PLHIV is common (42%), and PLHIV are 6-13 times more likely to die from lung cancer than AIDS-related causes. This study sought to investigate the associations between food security status and smoking status and severity among a cohort of predominantly low-income women of colour living with and without HIV in the USA.
designWomen enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study from 2013 to 2015.
settingNine participating sites across the USA.
participants2553 participants enrolled in the Food Insecurity Sub-Study of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite cohort study of US women living with HIV and demographically similar HIV-seronegative women. OUTCOMES: Current cigarette smoking status and intensity were self-reported. We used cross-sectional and longitudinal logistic and Tobit regressions to assess associations of food security status and changes in food security status with smoking status and intensity.
resultsThe median age was 48. Most respondents were African-American/black (72%) and living with HIV (71%). Over half had annual incomes ≤US$12 000 (52%). Food insecurity (44%) and cigarette smoking (42%) were prevalent. In analyses adjusting for common sociodemographic characteristics, all categories of food insecurity were associated with greater odds of current smoking compared with food-secure women. Changes in food insecurity were also associated with increased odds of smoking. Any food insecurity was associated with higher smoking intensity.
conclusionsFood insecurity over time was associated with smoking in this cohort of predominantly low-income women of colour living with or at risk of HIV. Integrating alleviation of food insecurity into smoking cessation programmes may be an effective method to reduce the smoking prevalence and disproportionate lung cancer mortality rate particularly among PLHIV.
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