Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34489241›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of sports medicine2021

Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease.

Rosemary Walmsley, Shing Chan, Karl Smith-Byrne, Rema Ramakrishnan, Mark Woodward, Kazem Rahimi, Terence Dwyer, Derrick Bennett, Aiden Doherty

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
138citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

138 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Wearable Movement-Tracking for Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Cross-Country Validation Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
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  15. Association of wearableZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
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78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rosemary WalmsleyNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-2478
Shing ChanNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-5575
Karl Smith-ByrneGenomic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-7463
Rema RamakrishnanNuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-8319
Mark WoodwardProfessorial Unit, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296
Kazem RahimiNuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-4610
Terence DwyerNuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-7663
Derrick Bennett *Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK derrick.bennett@ndph.ox.ac.uk aiden.doherty@ndph.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-8447
Aiden Doherty *Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK derrick.bennett@ndph.ox.ac.uk aiden.doherty@ndph.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-0451

Funding

British Heart Foundation CH/1996001/9454British Heart Foundation PG/18/65/33872British Heart Foundation SP/18/4/33803Cancer Research UK 16896Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Wellcome TrustWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo improve classification of movement behaviours in free-living accelerometer data using machine-learning methods, and to investigate the association between machine-learned movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults.

methodsUsing free-living data from 152 participants, we developed a machine-learning model to classify movement behaviours (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity behaviours (MVPA), light physical activity behaviours, sedentary behaviour, sleep) in wrist-worn accelerometer data. Participants in UK Biobank, a prospective cohort, were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days, and we applied our machine-learning model to classify their movement behaviours. Using compositional data analysis Cox regression, we investigated how reallocating time between movement behaviours was associated with CVD incidence.

resultsIn leave-one-participant-out analysis, our machine-learning method classified free-living movement behaviours with mean accuracy 88% (95% CI 87% to 89%) and Cohen's kappa 0.80 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.82). Among 87 498 UK Biobank participants, there were 4105 incident CVD events. Reallocating time from any behaviour to MVPA, or reallocating time from sedentary behaviour to any behaviour, was associated with lower CVD risk. For an average individual, reallocating 20 min/day to MVPA from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 9% (95% CI 7% to 10%) lower risk, while reallocating 1 hour/day to sedentary behaviour from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 5% (95% CI 3% to 7%) higher risk.

conclusionMachine-learning methods classified movement behaviours accurately in free-living accelerometer data. Reallocating time from other behaviours to MVPA, and from sedentary behaviour to other behaviours, was associated with lower risk of incident CVD, and should be promoted by interventions and guidelines.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasesmethodsphysical activitysedentary behaviorsleep

Identifiers

PMID34489241
PMCPMC9484395

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.