ArticleJournal of physiological anthropology2021
Intermittent face cooling reduces perceived exertion during exercise in a hot environment.
Article in Journal of physiological anthropology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suboptimal Neural Drive for Muscle Output During Exertional Hyperthermia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Head, Face and Neck Cooling as Per-cooling (Cooling During Exercise) Modalities to Improve Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Narrative Review and Practical Applications.Sports medicine - open · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFacial cooling (FC) is effective in improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments. In this study, we evaluated the impact of intermittent short-lasting FC on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise.
methodsTen healthy men performed 40 continuous minutes of ergometric cycle exercise at 65% of the peak heart rate in a climatic chamber controlled at an ambient temperature of 35 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. In the control (CONT) trial, the participants performed the exercise without FC. In two cooling trials, each participant underwent 10 s of FC at 2- (FC2) and 4-min (FC4) intervals while continuing to exercise. FC was achieved by applying two soft-gel packs (cooled to 0 °C) directly and bilaterally on the forehead, eyes, and cheeks. In another cooling trial, 10 s of FC was performed at 2-min intervals using two soft-gel packs cooled to 20 °C (FC2-20).
resultsThe RPE values in the FC4 trial were significantly lower than those in the CONT trial at 20 min (FC4, 11.6 ± 2.2 points; CONT, 14.2 ± 1.3 points; P < 0.01). Further, significant differences in the RPE values were observed between the FC4 and CONT trials at 5-15 min and 25-40 min (P < 0.05). RPE values were also significantly lower in the FC2 trial than in the CONT trial (5-40 min). Although the RPE values in the FC2-20 trial were significantly lower (5-10 min; 15-20 min) than those in the CONT trial, there were no significant differences in the RPE between the FC2-20 and CONT trials at 25-40 min. At 35 min, the RPE values were significantly higher in the FC2-20 trial than in the FC2 trial (P < 0.05).
conclusionIntermittent short-lasting FC was associated with a decrease in RPE, with shorter intervals and lower temperatures eliciting greater attenuation of increase in the RPE.
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