Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34488692›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

The individual, place, and wellbeing - a network analysis.

Eoin McElroy, Mathew Ashton, Anne Marie Bagnall, Terence Comerford, Mick McKeown, Praveetha Patalay, Andy Pennington, Jane South, Tim Wilson, Rhiannon Corcoran

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Social comparison and segregation reveal well-being traps.Humanities & social sciences communications · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Eoin McElroyDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. em447@leicester.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-5466-8522
Mathew AshtonDepartment of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, & Liverpool City Council, Liverpool, UK.
Anne Marie BagnallCentre for Health Promotion Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Terence ComerfordNIHR ARC North West Coast, Liverpool, UK.
Mick McKeownSchool of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
Praveetha PatalayCentre for Longitudinal Studies and Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
Andy PenningtonInstitute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jane SouthCentre for Health Promotion Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Tim WilsonNIHR ARC North West Coast, Liverpool, UK.
Rhiannon CorcoranDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious research has examined individual-level and place characteristics as correlates of subjective wellbeing, with many studies concluding that individual factors (e.g. health, finances) are more strongly related to wellbeing. However, this 'dualistic' approach has been challenged, with some arguing that it is impossible to disentangle the effects of the two domains, and that wellbeing should be considered as part of a network of mutually reinforcing relationships between individual, community and place characteristics. We used network analysis to explore these complex associations.

methodsData were from a large sample of adults from a socioeconomically disadvantaged region of the United Kingdom (N = 4319). Wellbeing was assessed using the 7-item version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Mixed graphical networks were estimated including wellbeing, place and individual-characteristic variables as nodes.

resultsWe found a densely connected network in which wellbeing was associated, both directly and indirectly, with all of the individual, community and place characteristics assessed. Wellbeing was most strongly connected with individual characteristics, in particular financial difficulty and subjective physical health. However, controlling for all other variables in the network model, wellbeing was positively associated with local greenspace usage, civic agency, and neighbourhood cohesion, and negatively associated with housing disrepair. Greater specificity in these associations was observed when the wellbeing construct was broken down into its constituent parts.

conclusionsThese findings highlight the complex relationships that exist between individual, community and place characteristics in the context of subjective wellbeing, and that all domains need to be considered when developing population-level strategies to improve wellbeing. Further consideration needs to be given to how this might happen in practice, for example through a combination of consistent use of community engagement methodologies alongside Health in All Policy (HiAP) approaches.

Indexed as

HousingResidence CharacteristicsAdultHumansUnited KingdomNeighbourhoodsNetwork analysisPlaceWellbeing

Identifiers

PMID34488692
PMCPMC8419673

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.