Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34488203›Full record

ArticleBiomedical physics & engineering express2021

Study of optical reflectors for a 100ps coincidence time resolution TOF-PET detector design.

Andrea Gonzalez-Montoro, Shirin Pourashraf, Min Sun Lee, Joshua W Cates, Craig S Levin

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical physics & engineering express, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Current Status of Cherenkov-Based Gamma Detectors for TOF-PET and Proton Range Verification.IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Advances in Detector Instrumentation for PET.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2022
    Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrea Gonzalez-MontoroDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-7319-4278
Shirin PourashrafDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-1852-6989
Min Sun LeeDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, United States of America.
Joshua W CatesApplied Nuclear Physics Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, United States of America.
Craig S LevinDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-4575-5074
Stanford University · USKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute · KRLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · US

Funding

Exploring a promising design for the next generation time-of-flight PET detectorR01CA214669 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEVIN, CRAIG S · 2017 to 2021
$2.9M
A new direction to achieve ultra-fast timing for positron emission tomographyR01EB023903 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEVIN, CRAIG S · 2017 to 2020
$2.5M
Technologies to drastically boost photon sensitivity for brain-dedicated PETR01EB025125 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEVIN, CRAIG S · 2017 to 2018
$984k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA214669NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023903NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025125
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) reconstructed image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved by including the 511 keV photon pair coincidence time-of-flight (TOF) information. The degree of SNR improvement from this TOF capability depends on the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of the PET system, which is essentially the variation in photon arrival time differences over all coincident photon pairs detected for a point positron source placed at the system center. The CTR is determined by several factors including the intrinsic properties of the scintillation crystals and photodetectors, crystal-to-photodetector coupling configurations, reflective materials, and the electronic readout configuration scheme. The goal of the present work is to build a novel TOF-PET system with 100 picoseconds (ps) CTR, which provides an additional factor of 1.5-2.0 improvement in reconstructed image SNR compared to state-of-the-art TOF-PET systems which achieve 225-400 ps CTR. A critical parameter to understand is the optical reflector's influence on scintillation light collection and transit time variations to the photodetector. To study the effects of the reflector covering the scintillation crystal element on CTR, we have tested the performance of four different reflector materials: Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) -coupled with air or optical grease to the scintillator; Teflon tape; BaSO

Indexed as

Positron-Emission TomographyCeriumElectronsPhotonsPolytetrafluoroethyleneScintillation CountingCeriumPolytetrafluoroethylenecoincidence time resolutionoptical reflectorpositron emission tomographyscintillation detectorsilicon photomultiplierstime-of-flight

Identifiers

PMID34488203
PMCPMC8548986
OpenAlexW3196798736

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.