Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34487972›Full record

ReviewESMO open2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitor administration during pregnancy: a case series.

A Andrikopoulou, A M Korakiti, K Apostolidou, M A Dimopoulos, F Zagouri

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in ESMO open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. LAG-3 palmitoylation-inducing dysfunction of decidual CD4Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

A AndrikopoulouDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
A M KorakitiDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
K ApostolidouDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
M A DimopoulosDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
F ZagouriDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: florazagouri@yahoo.co.uk.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely implemented in current clinical practice. Although cancer occurs in ∼1 out of 1000 pregnancies, treatment remains challenging. Until now, limited data exist regarding immunotherapy administration during pregnancy. This systemic review aims to synthesize all available data from immunotherapy administration in pregnant women and evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND

methodsEligible studies were identified by a search of the PubMed Medline database and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System Public Dashboard for the period 1 January 2000 to 1 April 2021; the algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words 'immunotherapy', 'cancer' and 'pregnancy'. PRISMA guidelines were applied in this study.

resultsOverall, seven articles (seven pregnancies, nine neonates) were retrieved. The mean duration of immunotherapy administration was 9.8 weeks [standard deviation (SD): 11.27; median: 7.0; range: 1-32]. In all cases specified, melanoma was the malignancy reported. The mean gestational age at delivery was 30.4 weeks (SD: 5.03; median: 32.0; range: 24-38), whereas the mean weight of neonates at delivery was 1267 g (SD: 412.0; median: 1400; range: 590-1701). Only one neonate was born term at 38 weeks of pregnancy (11.1%; 1/9). Complications during pregnancy were observed in 71.4% of cases: intrauterine growth restriction (three cases), HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) (one case), placental insufficiency (one case) and low fetal heart rate (one case). The mean progression-free survival and overall survival were 16.0 and 25.2 months, respectively.

conclusionThe administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors during pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of pregnancy complications, prematurity and low birth weight. The administration of these regimens is not recommended during gestation. Whenever applied, close monitoring of the mother and the fetus is required.

Indexed as

HELLP SyndromePregnancy ComplicationsFemaleGestational AgeHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsInfant, NewbornPlacentaPregnancyUnited StatesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscancerimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapypregnancy

Identifiers

PMID34487972
PMCPMC8426195
OpenAlexW3196368701

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.