ArticleVirus research2021
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by β-propiolactone causes aggregation of viral particles and loss of antigenic potential.
Article in Virus research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of new adjuvants in enhancing the immune response to a candidate of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Inactivation of Wild Poliovirus with β-Propiolactone.Vaccines · 2026Article
- RNA binding protein Musashi1 interacts with the viral genomic RNA and restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by repressing translation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A replication-incompetent adenovirus type 55 vaccine induces broad and durable protective immunity against pathogenic adenoviruses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Limit of Detection of Raman Spectroscopy Using Polystyrene Particles from 25 to 1000 nm in Aqueous Suspensions.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Assessing the effect of beta-propiolactone inactivation on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of cluster 2.1 duck Tembusu virus.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Preclinical Efficacy of Cap-Dependent and Independent mRNA Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Dynamic Antibody Response and Hybrid Immunity Following Multiple COVID-19 Vaccine Doses and Infection: A Case Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- β-Propiolactone (BPL)-inactivation of SARS-Co-V-2: In vitro validation with focus on saliva from COVID-19 patients for scent dog training.Journal of virological methods · 2023Review
- Inactivated and Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 for Safe Use in Immunoassays and as an Immunization Control for Non-Clinical Trials.Viruses · 2023Article
- Unmodified rabies mRNA vaccine elicits high cross-neutralizing antibody titers and diverse B cell memory responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Platelets and SARS-CoV-2 During COVID-19: Immunity, Thrombosis, and Beyond.Circulation research · 2023Review
- G4-binding drugs, chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine, repurposed against COVID-19 infection in hamsters.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Comparison of viral inactivation methods on the characteristics of extracellular vesicles from SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung epithelial cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Pilot Findings on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Pituitary Diseases: A Mini Review from Diagnosis to Pathophysiology.Vaccines · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses in Human Colon Epithelial Cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- A Novel Approach to Vaccine Development: Concomitant Pathogen Inactivation and Host Immune Stimulation by Peroxynitrite.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Visualization of Viral Structure, Entry, and Replication Underlying the Spread of SARS-CoV-2.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inactivated viral preparations are important resources in vaccine and antisera industry. Of the many vaccines that are being developed against COVID-19, inactivated whole-virus vaccines are also considered effective. β-propiolactone (BPL) is a widely used chemical inactivator of several viruses. Here, we analyze various concentrations of BPL to effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and their effects on the biochemical properties of the virion particles. BPL at 1:2000 (v/v) concentrations effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2. However, higher BPL concentrations resulted in the loss of both protein content as well as the antigenic integrity of the structural proteins. Higher concentrations also caused substantial aggregation of the virion particles possibly resulting in insufficient inactivation, and a loss in antigenic potential. We also identify that the viral RNA content in the culture supernatants can be a direct indicator of their antigenic content. Our findings may have important implications in the vaccine and antisera industry during COVID-19 pandemic.
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