Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34487267›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2021

Epigenetic clock and methylation studies in the rhesus macaque.

Steve Horvath, Joseph A Zoller, Amin Haghani, Anna J Jasinska, Ken Raj, Charles E Breeze, Jason Ernst, Kelli L Vaughan, Julie A Mattison

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GeroScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The androgen clock is an epigenetic predictor of long-term male hormone exposure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Chemokine CXCL9, a marker of inflammaging, is associated with changes of muscle strength and mortality in older men.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024
    Article
  12. Animal Models Relevant for Geroscience: Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Biomarkers, and Measures of Biological Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Steve HorvathDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Joseph A ZollerDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Amin HaghaniDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anna J JasinskaCenter for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, USA.
Ken RajRadiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, , Didcot, UK.
Charles E BreezeAltius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jason ErnstDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Kelli L VaughanTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 16701 Elmer School Rd., MD, 20842, Dickerson, USA.
Julie A MattisonTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 16701 Elmer School Rd., MD, 20842, Dickerson, USA. Julie.mattison@nih.gov.
University of California, Los Angeles · USNational Institute on Aging · USAltius Institute for Biomedical Sciences · USPublic Health England · GB

Funding

California NeuroAIDS Tissue NetworkU24MH100928 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ACHIM, CRISTIAN L, MOORE, DAVID J · 2013 to 2023
$13.9M
NATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL AIDS BANKU24MH100929 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SINGER, ELYSE J · 2013 to 2023
$12.5M
Texas NeuroAIDS Research CenterU24MH100930 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI GELMAN, BENJAMIN B. · 2013 to 2023
$12.1M
NNTC Data Coordinating CenterU24MH100925 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI FOX, HOWARD S, SHERMAN, SETH · 2013 to 2022
$9.5M
Validation and optimization of epigenetic clocksU01AG060908 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI RITZ, BEATE R. · 2018 to 2022
$3.4M
Epigenetic and Psychosocial Drivers of NeuroHIV in HIV+ South African AdolescentsR21MH107327 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOARE, JACQUELINE, LEVINE, ANDREW J · 2016 to 2017
$373k
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG060908NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH107327NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH100925NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH100928NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH100929NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH100930
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methylation levels at specific CpG positions in the genome have been used to develop accurate estimators of chronological age in humans, mice, and other species. Although epigenetic clocks are generally species-specific, the principles underpinning them appear to be conserved at least across the mammalian class. This is exemplified by the successful development of epigenetic clocks for mice and several other mammalian species. Here, we describe epigenetic clocks for the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), the most widely used nonhuman primate in biological research. Using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40), we profiled n = 281 tissue samples (blood, skin, adipose, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and cerebral cortex). From these data, we generated five epigenetic clocks for macaques. These clocks differ with regard to applicability to different tissue types (pan-tissue, blood, skin), species (macaque only or both humans and macaques), and measure of age (chronological age versus relative age). Additionally, the age-based human-macaque clock exhibits a high age correlation (R = 0.89) with the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), another Old World species. Four CpGs within the KLF14 promoter were consistently altered with age in four tissues (adipose, blood, cerebral cortex, skin). Future studies will be needed to evaluate whether these epigenetic clocks predict age-related conditions in the rhesus macaque.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticMacaca mulattaAgingAnimalsChlorocebus aethiopsEpigenomicsPromoter Regions, GeneticDNA methylationEpigenetic clockNonhuman primateRhesus monkey

Identifiers

PMID34487267
PMCPMC8599607
OpenAlexW3198377957

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.