SynthesisArchives of women's mental health2022
Relationship between sex hormones, reproductive stages and ADHD: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Archives of women's mental health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Bias in the Clinical Diagnosis of ADHD: A Critical Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- ADHD and the female reproductive stages: menstruation, perinatal and menopause.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Examining the Link Between ADHD Symptoms and Menopausal Experiences.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Identification and validation of postpartum depression subtypes: a population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Practical tools for female-specific ADHD: The impact of hormonal fluctuations in clinical practice and from the literature.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Perimenopausal symptoms in women with and without ADHD: A population-based cohort study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- A Review of Sex and Gender Factors in Stimulant Treatment for ADHD: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Review
- Being a Woman Is 100% Significant to My Experiences of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism: Exploring the Gendered Implications of an Adulthood Combined Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis.Qualitative health research · 2024Article
- A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD-Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in ADHD: Review and Priorities for Future Research.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor Genes and Its Interactions With Neurodevelopmental Genes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chinese Han Descent.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Female-specific pharmacotherapy in ADHD: premenstrual adjustment of psychostimulant dosage.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review aims to summarize current available evidence for the relationship between sex hormones or reproductive life stages (adrenarche in males and females, menarche, pregnancy, postpartum and menopause) and ADHD.
methodsWe systematically reviewed studies investigating the relationship between sex hormones and symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity in individuals with an ADHD diagnosis or equivalent assessment of symptoms with validated scales. Articles were screened sequentially by two reviewers who were clinically and academically familiar with ADHD. Studies were rated according to Oxford Levels of Evidence (CEBM 2009).
resultsFour studies matched inclusion criteria. One article was a case report of a female with ADHD and premenstrual syndrome experiencing worsening symptoms prior to each period (Quinn, J Clin Psychol 61:579-587, 2005). Another was a review article analysing literature relating to the effect of hormones on ADHD symptoms and supporting that a relationship exists between ADHD symptoms and sex hormone levels, without further characterization (Haimov-Kochman and Berger, Front Hum Neurosci 8, 2014). Giotakos and colleagues found no relationship between Wender Utah scores and sex hormone levels (Giotakos et al., J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol 16:423-433, 2005). An exploratory study by Ostojic and Miller found evidence for an association between early pubertal onset, inattention and risk-taking behaviour (Ostojic and Miller, J Atten Disord 20:782-791, 2016).
conclusionThe literature on the relationship between sex hormones and ADHD is limited. Available studies present contradicting information. It is not known how this lack of evidence affects the treatment of ADHD during the lifespan. Further research is required to correctly characterize the mechanisms behind ADHD symptoms and its potential association with sex hormones.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.