ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021
Maternal and offspring genetic risk score analyses of fetal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in offspring.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The reporting and handling of missing data in genetic epidemiological studies of mental health in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- The Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Offspring: Insights from the ALSPAC Cohort.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Review
- Maternal exacerbating and protective factors that shape the prevalence and severity of child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- A guide for planning triangulation studies to investigate complex causal questions in behavioural and psychiatric research.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- Maternal and offspring genetic risk score analyses of fetal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in offspring.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies investigating the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using conventional observational designs have reported inconsistent findings, which may be affected by unmeasured confounding and maternal and fetal ability to metabolize alcohol. We used genetic variants from the alcohol metabolizing genes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), as proxies for fetal alcohol exposure to investigate their association with risk of offspring ADHD symptoms around age 7-8 years.
methodsWe used data from 3 longitudinal pregnancy cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Generation R study (GenR), and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa). Genetic risk scores (GRS) for alcohol use and metabolism using 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from ADH and ALDH genes were calculated for mothers (N
resultsThe pooled estimate in maternal GRS analyses adjusted for offspring GRS in ALSPAC and MoBa was OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.97-1.02. The pooled estimate in offspring GRS analyses stratified by maternal drinking status across all the cohorts was as follows: OR
conclusionsWe did not find evidence for a causal effect of fetal alcohol exposure on risk of ADHD symptoms in offspring. The results may be affected by limited power to detect small effects and outcome assessment.
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Registered trials
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