Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34485952›Full record

ArticleComprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology2021

Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: On adversity and multispecies relationships.

Jennifer W Applebaum, Evan L MacLean, Shelby E McDonald

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Development of the Human-Equine Attachment Scale.Equine veterinary journal · 2026
    Article
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  9. Evaluating the efficacy ofJournal of animal science and technology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
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  12. Urban Cat Management in Australia-Evidence-Based Strategies for Success.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jennifer W ApplebaumUniversity of Florida, Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Evan L MacLeanUniversity of Arizona, School of Anthropology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Shelby E McDonaldVirginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA.

Funding

Using social networks to map and evaluate team science across CTSA hubsUL1TR001427 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MITCHELL, DUANE A. · 2015 to 2024
$37.2M
Together: Transforming and Translating Discovery to Improve HealthTL1TR001428 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MCCORMACK, WAYNE T. · 2015 to 2023
$3.9M
Children exposed to intimate partner violence and animal abuseR01HD066503 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY) · PI WILLIAMS, JAMES HERBERT · 2010 to 2013
$1.5M
The Impact of Human-Animal Interaction on Adjustment of Children Exposed to Adverse Family EnvironmentsR21HD097769 · NICHD · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI MCDONALD, SHELBY E · 2018 to 2019
$429k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001428NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NICHD NIH HHS L60 HD103238NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD066503NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD097769
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Love and strong social bonds are known buffers in the experience of adversity. Humans often form strong bonds with non-human animals. The human-animal bond refers to a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between humans and non-human animals. Previous research suggests that strong bonds with pets may promote resilience in the experience of adversity, but a strong bond with a pet can also complicate this very experience of adversity, particularly among low-resourced and disadvantaged populations. What is the role of the human-animal bond in adversity, and what is the role of adversity in the bond between a human and a non-human animal? In this article we outline the state of research on the role of various types and sources of adversities in multispecies households (i.e., families, relationships) to consider this overarching question. We focus specifically on intimate partner violence, housing discrimination, LGBTQ+ identity-based discrimination, racism, neighborhood disadvantage, and economic inequality. We then outline an agenda for future research about love, adversity, and multispecies relationships, and discuss implications for public policy and community-based interventions.

Indexed as

AdversityCompanion animalsHuman-animal bondHuman-animal interactionMultispecies familiesPets

Identifiers

PMID34485952
PMCPMC8415490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.