ReviewThe Lancet. Rheumatology2021
COVID-19 and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: effect of disease and treatment on COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine responses.
Review in The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Trends in Clinical Indications for Plasma Exchange in Adult Patients Between 2008 and 2024 in Bogotá, Colombia.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Article
- Infectious Risks Associated with Biologic Therapies in Autoimmune, Rheumatologic and Dermatologic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Association of Vaccination With COVID Outcomes in Pregnant People With Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective National Cohort Analysis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and vaccine effectiveness in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study in Egypt.Oman medical journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of endothelial cells and pericytes.Open biology · 2024Article
- Machine learning to understand risks for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities in a large US health-care system.The Lancet. Digital health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Biological and glucocorticoids treatment impair the medium-term immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.European journal of medical research · 2024Observational
- Use of Janus kinase inhibitors before and after European Medicines Agency safety recommendations: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical, immunological, and microbiological analysis of the association between periodontitis and COVID-19: a case-control study.Odontology · 2024Article
- Impact of Exposure to Vaccination and Infection on Cellular and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in CVID Patients Through COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Trends in mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.Rheumatology international · 2023Article
- Susceptibility to COVID-19 and Immunologic Response to Vaccination in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases were considered to be at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19. Data collected over the past year, however, suggest that a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel diseases does not increase risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 compared with people without these diseases. Furthermore, substantial data suggest that certain medications frequently used in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, in particular cytokine inhibitors, might even lower the risk for severe COVID-19. Conversely, glucocorticoids and potentially B-cell-depleting treatments seem to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, the first data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with these diseases suggest that tolerability of vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases is good, although the immune response to vaccination can be somewhat reduced in this patient group, particularly those taking methotrexate or CD20-targeted treatment.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.