ArticleNanoscale advances2021
The effect of PEGylation on the efficacy and uptake of an immunostimulatory nanoparticle in the tumor immune microenvironment.
Article in Nanoscale advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- I53-50: Engineered icosahedral protein cage for modular vaccine nanoplatform.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Engineering combination nanomedicines to overcome cancer resistance.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Next Generation DNA Damage Response Inhibitors: Harnessing Nanocarriers and Tumor Microenvironment for Precision Cancer Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Advances in Mesoporous Silica and Hybrid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Theranostic Gold Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a PEGylated Liposome as an Effective Radiosensitizer for Cancer Radiation Therapy.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Lipid Nanoparticles and PEG: Time Frame of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Can Be Controlled by Adjusting the Rate of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Drug delivery systems based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the management of hepatic diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Discovery of highly active kynureninases for cancer immunotherapy through protein language model.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Engineering approaches for innate immune-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling.Immuno-oncology technology · 2024Review
- Overcoming challenges in the delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive review of strategies and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Nanomedicine Strategies for Targeting Tumor Stroma.Cancers · 2023Review
- STING agonist-loaded mesoporous manganese-silica nanoparticles for vaccine applications.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Article
- Review
- Nanotechnology-based diagnostics and therapeutics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Nanoscale advances · 2023Review
- Nanobubble-based anti-hepatocellular carcinoma therapy combining immune check inhibitors and sonodynamic therapy.Nanoscale advances · 2022Article
- Clickable Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Comparison of the uptake of untargeted and targeted immunostimulatory nanoparticles by immune cells in the microenvironment of metastatic breast cancer.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapies is often limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is populated with dysfunctional innate immune cells. To reprogram the tumor-resident innate immune cells, we developed immunostimulatory silica mesoporous nanoparticles (immuno-MSN). The cargo of immuno-MSN is a Stimulator of Interferon Gene (STING) agonist, which activates innate immune cells leading to production of interferon (IFN) β. By proficiently trafficking its cargo into immune cells, the immuno-MSN induced a 9-fold increase of IFN-β secretion compared to free agonist. While an external PEG shield has historically been used to protect nanoparticles from immune recognition, a PEGylated immunostimulatory nanoparticle needs to strike a balance between immune evasion to avoid off-site accumulation and uptake by target immune cells in tumors. Using the 4T1 mouse model of metastatic breast cancer and flow cytometry, it was determined that the degree of PEGylation significantly influenced the uptake of 'empty' MSNs by tumor-resident innate immune cells. This was not the case for the agonist-loaded immuno-MSN variants. It should be noted the surface charge of the 'empty' MSNs was positive rather than neutral for the agonist-loaded immuno-MSNs. However, even though the cellular uptake was similar at 24 h after injection for the three immuno-MSN variants, we observed a significant beneficial effect on the activation and expansion of APCs especially in lung metastasis using the lightly PEGylated immuno-MSN variant.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.