Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34485581›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021

Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland.

Therese M Leahy, Ian C Kenny, Mark J Campbell, Giles D Warrington, Roisin Cahalan, Andrew J Harrison, Mark Lyons, Liam G Glynn, Kieran O'Sullivan, Helen Purtill and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Shoulder injuries in rugby union: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Shoulder Dislocation Incidence and Risk Factors-Rural vs. Urban Populations of Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Therese M LeahyDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Ian C KennyDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Mark J CampbellDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Giles D WarringtonDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Roisin CahalanHealth Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Andrew J HarrisonDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Mark LyonsDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Liam G GlynnGraduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Kieran O'SullivanHealth Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Helen PurtillDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Thomas M ComynsDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. PURPOSE: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. STUDY

designDescriptive epidemiology study.

methodsInjury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded.

resultsShoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days' time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94;

conclusionWe found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player's career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.

Indexed as

acromioclavicular joint injuriesinjury epidemiologyrisk factorsschool rugbyshoulder dislocation/instabilityshoulder injuries

Identifiers

PMID34485581
PMCPMC8414631

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.