ArticleJournal of immunology research2021
Propofol Suppresses Microglia Inflammation by Targeting TGM2/NF-
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Non-anesthetic Effects of Anesthetics and Organ Protection.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- TGM2 Enhances Hypobaric Hypoxia-mediated Brain Injury Via Regulating NLRP3/GSDMD Signaling.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Propofol-induced osteogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells: Modulation of MAPK signaling under inflammatory conditions.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Induction of M1 polarization in BV2 cells by propofol intervention promotes perioperative neurocognitive disorders through the NGF/CREB signaling pathway: an experimental research.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Role of Intravenous Anesthetics for Neuro: Protection or Toxicity?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Advances in research on propofol-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction via Piezo channels.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Propofol Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury Process by Mediating miR-672-3p/TNIP2 Axis.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- CARMA3 Drives NF-κB Activation and Promotes Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Involvement of CARMA3-BCL10-MALT1 Signalosome.Inflammation · 2024Article
- Research progress of propofol in alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Propofol alleviates M1 polarization and neuroinflammation of microglia in a subarachnoid hemorrhage modelEuropean journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2024Article
- Propofol Suppresses LPS-induced BBB Damage by Regulating miR-130a-5p/ZO-1 Axis.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Article
- Effect of General Anesthetic Agents on Microglia.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Review
- The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Dual roles of anesthetics in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Regulation of microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Construction of a predictive model for immunotherapy efficacy in lung squamous cell carcinoma based on the degree of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and molecular typing.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPropofol is a known intravenous hypnotic drug used for induction and maintenance of sedation and general anesthesia. Emerging studies also reveal a neuroprotective effect of propofol in diverse diseases of neuronal injuries via modulating microglia activation. In this study, we aimed to uncover the downstream targets of propofol in this process.
methodsRNA sequencing analysis to identify genes implicated in the propofol-mediated neuroprotective effect. Quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting analysis were performed to analyze inflammatory gene expression, cytokine levels, and TGM2. BV2 cells and primary microglia were used for functional verification and mechanism studies.
resultsThe multifunctional enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified as a putative functional mediator of propofol. TGM2 was significantly upregulated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) primed BV2 cells. Genetic silencing of TGM2 abolished LPS-induced microglial activation. Notably, gain-of-function experiments showed that the proinflammatory effects of TGM2 were dependent on its GTP binding activity instead of transamidase activity. Then, TGM2 was revealed to activate the NF-
conclusionsOur findings suggest that TGM2-mediated activation of NF-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.