Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34485467›Full record

ArticleSouthern African journal of infectious diseases2020

Epidemiological investigation of a typhoid fever outbreak in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo province, South Africa - 2017.

Unarine B Makungo, Tshilidzi E Ramutshila, Mantwa C Mabotja, Juno Thomas, Ruth Lekalakala-Mokaba, Anthony M Smith, Joy Ebonwu, Shannon L Williams, Jimmy Khoza, Queen Ranoto and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Southern African journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Environmental health insights · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Unarine B MakungoDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-0545
Tshilidzi E RamutshilaSouth African Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-9610
Mantwa C MabotjaDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-3515
Juno ThomasCentre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-1135
Ruth Lekalakala-MokabaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-8581
Anthony M SmithCentre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-7155
Joy EbonwuDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-7785
Shannon L WilliamsCentre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-6284
Jimmy KhozaDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-3467
Queen RanotoPublic Health Directorate, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-3402
Ntshengedzeni MuvhangoDepartment of Public Health Medicine, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-2112
Mmatjatji MosomaSekhukhune District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-4625
Elizabeth PhokaneSekhukhune District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-5401
Genevie NtshoeDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-348X
Katherine CalverDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-8929
Vivien EsselDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-9667
Marlene F NgobeniPublic Health Directorate, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-6218
Kerrigan McCarthyDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-9795
National Institute for Communicable DiseasesNational Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of Limpopo · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTyphoid fever remains a public health concern in South Africa, where the risk of transmission is high because of poor access to safe water and sanitation. This study describes the investigation of typhoid fever outbreak in Limpopo province. METHODOLOGY: Following notification of laboratory-confirmed cases, a descriptive study was conducted at Sekhukhune District, Limpopo province. A suspected case was defined as any person residing in Makhuduthamaga Municipality from November 2017 to January 2018, presenting with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Data were collected using case investigation forms. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on

resultsAmongst 122 cases, 54% (

conclusionMolecular epidemiology of isolates suggests a common source outbreak, supported by the detection of

Indexed as

Limpopoopen water sourcesoutbreakSouth Africatyphoid fever

Identifiers

PMID34485467
PMCPMC8378196
OpenAlexW3102555644

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.