ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
A Primer on Repeated Sitting Exposure and the Cardiovascular System: Considerations for Study Design, Analysis, Interpretation, and Translation.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Musculoskeletal Stretching and Arterial Stiffness: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Acute and Longitudinal Interventions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Exercise Prior to Sedentary Behavior on Vascular Health Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Trials.Sports medicine - open · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Sitting Duration on Peripheral Blood Pressure Responses to Prolonged Sitting, With and Without Interruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Home-based exercise improves quality of life in breast and prostate cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Leg fidgeting alleviates reduced oxygen extraction in the gastrocnemius muscle caused by prolonged sitting: a randomized crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Uninterrupted prolonged sitting and arterial stiffness: moderating effect of prior aerobic exercise in physically active adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The effects of uninterrupted and interrupted sitting on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with established coronary heart disease.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Analysis Based on NHANES Data.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Article
- Sedentary Time and Breast Cancer Risk in the Sister Study Cohort.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- The effect of uninterrupted and interrupted sitting on vascular function in adults with long COVID.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Leg-fidgeting versus standing breaks during prolonged sitting: Impacts on blood pressure and heart rate in young women.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Associations of nonoccupational sedentary behaviors with cardiometabolic outcomes: coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA).Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Acute Sedentary Behaviour Studies of People with Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Effect of Prior Moderate Aerobic Exercise to Prolonged Sitting on Peripheral and Central Cardiovascular Measures in Young Women.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Sitting knee-flexion angle does not influence endothelial-dependent vasodilation in laboratory or free-living conditions.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness and habitual physical activity on cardiovascular responses to 2 h of uninterrupted sitting.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Prolonged Sitting Induces Elevated Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Cureus · 2024Article
- Effect of physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on vascular outcomes: A scoping review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sedentary behavior, particularly sitting, is ubiquitous in many contemporary societies. This is a major societal concern considering the evidence for a strong association between sitting behavior and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Unsurprisingly, leading public health agencies have begun to advocate "reduction" in sitting behavior. Though, the guidelines are typically vague and non-specific. The lack of specific guidelines for prolonged sitting is attributable to the absence of available evidence to facilitate guideline development. To inform policy, well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to test the efficacy of specific and translatable sitting reduction strategies. To guide the design of randomized controlled trials, this review postulates that several gaps in the literature first need to be filled. Following a general discussion of the importance of sitting behavior to contemporary societies, each of the following are discussed: (i) acute sitting exposure and systems physiology; (ii) recommendations for a systems physiology toolbox; (iii) study design considerations for acute sitting exposure; and (iv) translation of sitting-focused research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.