ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Case Report: The Neuromusclar Triad of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report of Myositis, Myocarditis, and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Following Toripalimab Treatment.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Triple-M syndrome after immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review of cases-early recognition is critical to survival.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the etiology of myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myositis and/or myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case series.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with third-degree atrioventricular block: two case reports and literature review.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Case Report and literature review: immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myasthenia gravis and myocarditis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Fulminant immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myositis presenting with concurrent myocardial injury and secondary cardiogenic shock in a patient with thymoma: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapeutic agents for steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2024Review
- Myocarditis, Myositis, and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- From tumor to tolerance: A comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune-related adverse events.Asia Pacific allergy · 2024Review
- Penpulimab-induced complete atrioventricular block in a patient with metastatic renal cancer.HeartRhythm case reports · 2023Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis: A Review of Reported Clinical Cases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The broad spectrum of cardiotoxicities from immunotherapies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Drug therapy for myocarditis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Neurotoxicity and safety of the rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a growing issue in neuro-oncology practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Case Report: Treatment for steroid-refractory immune-related myocarditis with tofacitinib.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Anti-GAD65 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis With Predominant Cerebellar Involvement Following Toripalimab Treatment: A Case Report of a Novel irAE of Toripalimab.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cardiotoxicity Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The neuromuscular adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment include myositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, myocarditis, and myasthenia syndrome. We report a 47-year old female presenting with external ophthalmoplegia, generalized muscle weakness, and third-degree atrioventricular block 4 weeks after toripalimab treatment for metastatic thymoma. Creatine kinase was elevated to 25,200 U/l and cardiac troponin I to 2.796 ng/ml. Autoantibody profiling shows positive anti-ryanodine receptor and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies and negative myositis specific antibodies. Repetitive nerve stimulation did not reveal decrement of compound muscle action potentials. Pulse methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin infusion, together with temporary pacemaker insertion normalized her muscle enzyme levels and cardiac rhythm. This is the first report of overlaping neuromuscular adverse event of toripalimab.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.