ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
Obesity and Breast Cancer: A Paradoxical and Controversial Relationship Influenced by Menopausal Status.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for breast cancer: an umbrella review of observational cohort studies and causal relationship analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetes Driven Oncogenesis and Anticancer Potential of Repurposed Antidiabetic Drug: A Systemic Review.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between transport modes and site-specific cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Future Cancer Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic alterations inFrontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Causal role of high body mass index in multiple chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Aerobic exercise and aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms: results of a randomized clinical trial.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Metformin on Breast Density in Overweight/Obese Premenopausal Women.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Trial
- Senescent obesity signature in breast cancer: a paradigm of reverse cardio-oncology.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Temporal changes in breast cancer lifetime risk and implications for personalised surveillance in high-risk women.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Age-Specific Trends in Carcinoma Incidence Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 1975-2021.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer and Obesity: Unravelling the Connection.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- In silico identification of bilobetin and ginsenoside as dual CK2 and ULK2 inhibitors targeting triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Obesity and Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Biology, Staging Accuracy, and Long-Term Outcomes.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Longitudinal changes in mammographic density and reproductive hormones during the menopausal transition in middle-aged Korean women: effect modification by obesity.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Weight change and diabetes risk following breast cancer: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Mammary adipose dysfunction in the dual epidemic of obesity and breast cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2025Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women worldwide, and an increasing public health concern. Knowledge of both protective and negative risk factors is essential for a better understanding of this heterogenous disease. We undertook a review of the recent literature and evaluated the relationship between obesity mediators and breast cancer development depending on menopausal status. Excess weight is now pandemic and has replaced tobacco as the main lifestyle-related risk factor for premature death. Although the prevalence of obesity/overweight has increased globally over the last 50 years, the potential harm attributable to excess fat has generally been underestimated. The relationship between overweight/obesity, breast cancer and overall risk appears to be highly dependent on menopausal status. Thus, obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women but, conversely, it appears to be protective in premenopausal women. We evaluate the role of different clinical factors potentially involved in this seemingly contradictory relationship, including estrogen, mammogram density, adipokines, insulin-signaling pathway activation, and inflammatory status. A key focus of this review is to better understand the impact of body mass index and menopausal status on these clinical factors and, hence, provide some clarity into the inter-relationships involved in this controversial issue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.