Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34484945›Full record

ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2021

High-Dose Diazepam Controls Severe Dyskinesia in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Hye-Rim Shin, Yoonhyuk Jang, Yong-Won Shin, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Soon-Tae Lee

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Features of the clinical course of Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with various antibodies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
    Observational
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Symptomatic treatments ofEncephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hye-Rim ShinDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Yoonhyuk JangDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Yong-Won ShinDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Kon ChuDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Sang Kun LeeDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Soon-Tae LeeDepartment of Neurology (YJ, Y-WS, KC, SKL, S-TL), Seoul National University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H-RS), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan; and Department of Neurosurgery (Y-WS), Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
Dankook University Hospital · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBecause there is no standard treatment to control dyskinesia in anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of high-dose diazepam in dyskinesia associated with NMDAR encephalitis.

methodsWe reviewed patients with NMDAR encephalitis with dyskinesia who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital between November 2012 and July 2018. High-dose diazepam was administered orally or via a nasogastric tube 3-6 times a day. We assessed the treatment effect by comparing dyskinesia severity between the first day of the highest dose of diazepam and one week after the treatment.

resultsAmong 68 patients with NMDAR encephalitis during the study period, 33 patients were treated with enteral diazepam (ranging from 6 to 180 mg) to control dyskinesia, along with immunotherapy. The severity of dyskinesia improved from average grade 2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 0.7 after 1 week of the highest dose of diazepam (mean severity change -1.4 ± 0.6, 95% confidence interval -1.2 to -1.6;

conclusionsDyskinesia in NMDAR encephalitis improved after treatment with enteral diazepam without significant side effects. This study suggests that enteral diazepam could be a treatment option for control dyskinesia in NMDAR encephalitis. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with dyskinesias associated with NMDAR encephalitis, enteral diazepam is effective and safe in dyskinesia control.

Identifiers

PMID34484945
PMCPMC8382394
OpenAlexW3097691888

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.