Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34484902›Full record

ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2021

Disparities in Cognitive Impairment With Anticholinergic Drug Use: A Population-Based Study.

Md Motiur Rahman, George Howard, Jingjing Qian, Kimberly Garza, Ash Abebe, Richard Hansen

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 53% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Md Motiur RahmanDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
George HowardDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
Jingjing QianDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
Kimberly GarzaDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
Ash AbebeDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
Richard HansenDepartment of Health Outcomes Research and Policy (MMR, JQ, KG, RH), Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL; Department of Biostatistics (GH), Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics (AA), Auburn University, AL.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aim to evaluate the association between anticholinergic drug (ACH) use and cognitive impairment and the effect of disparity parameters (sex, race, income, education, and rural or urban areas) on this relationship.

methodsThe analyses included 13,623 adults aged ≥65 years from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study (recruited 2003-2007). The ACH use was defined by the 2015 Beers Criteria, and cognitive impairment was measured by the Six-Item Cognitive Screener. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed disparities in cognitive impairment with ACH use, iteratively adjusting for disparity parameters and other covariates. The full models included interaction terms between ACH use and other covariates. A similar approach was used for class-specific ACH exposure and cognitive impairment analyses.

resultsApproximately 14% of the participants used at least 1 ACH listed in the Beers Criteria. Antidepressants were the most frequently prescribed ACH class. A significant sex-race interaction illustrated that females compared with males (in Blacks: odds ratio [OR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.49 and in Whites: OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.74-2.20), especially White females (Black vs White: OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.80), were more likely to receive ACHs. Higher odds of cognitive impairment were observed among ACH users compared with the nonusers (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.58). In our class-level analyses, only antidepressant users (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.14-2.25) showed a significant association with cognitive impairment in the fully adjusted model.

conclusionsWe observed demographic and socioeconomic differences in ACH use and in cognitive impairment, individually.

Identifiers

PMID34484902
PMCPMC8382379
OpenAlexW3084986879

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.