Observational studyJournal of global health2021
Examining risk factors related to digital learning and social isolation: Youth visual acuity in COVID-19 pandemic.
Observational study in Journal of global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Bidirectional Relationship Between Myopia and Mental Disorders.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Digital Eye Strain Symptoms Among Sudanese Medical Students During Conflict-Induced Online Learning: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Long-term Impact of COVID-19-Related Behavioral Changes on Myopia Progression in Children: A Four-Year Cohort Study.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- Effects of blue light and blue-light protection eyeglass lenses on the oxidative status of mouse corneas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Increasing myopia in Scotland at age of 3.5-5.5 years: A retrospective epidemiological study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Myopia Among Schoolchildren and the Impact of Increased Screen Time: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Cognitive Flexibility's Role in Reducing Academic Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- RISK-GPT: Using ChatGPT to construct a reliable risk factor database for all known diseases.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Using the C-Read as a Portable Device to Evaluate Reading Ability in Young Chinese Adults: An Observational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards' Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2022Review
- Juvenile delinquency and COVID-19: the effect of social distancing restrictions on juvenile crime rates in Israel.Journal of experimental criminology · 2022Article
- Effects of physical activity and use of digital devices on visual acuity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Myopia and axial length in school-aged children before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown-A population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Psychological Distancing Usage Uniquely Predicts Reduced Perceived Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The association between sedentary behavioral characteristics and poor vision among Chinese children and adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Complex Interplay Between COVID-19 Lockdown and Myopic Progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The Impact of Extended E-Learning on Emotional Well-Being of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAround the globe, various self-quarantine, social distancing, and school-closure policies were implemented during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak to reduce disease transmission. Many economies/territories were compelled to consider digital learning modalities. In particular, increased digital learning engagement with digital devices and mounting psychosocial stress due to social isolation are likely to pose adverse risks for youth visual health globally. This study examines the association between increased digital device use, psychosocial stress, and myopia symptoms among Chinese youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsThis is a retrospective observational population study consisting of 3918 participants enrolled in primary, secondary, and university in China. Participants are recruited through an online survey, which included self-reported information on daily digital device use, psychosocial stress level, condition of visual acuity, and demographic information. We utilize statistical tools including χ
resultsEach hour increase in digital device use is associated with 1.25 odds ratio OR (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-1.30;
conclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic led to favorable conditions for myopigenic behavioral changes characterized by extended sedentary engagement with digital devices, which are significantly associated with higher risks of myopia incidence. Relatedly, psychosocial stress accompanying prolonged social isolation during the pandemic is a less noticeable, albeit significant risk factor for myopia development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.