ArticleFrontiers in genetics2021
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated With Alzheimer's Disease Risk.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The causal association between circulating metabolites and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the neuroprotective role and biomarker potential of GDF15 in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- A multidomain trial for cognition in women with cardiovascular disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Targeting innovative therapeutic approaches to the hallmarks of aging to combat Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Identifying sex-specific sub-phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease progression using longitudinal electronic health records.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 as a potential biomarker in subclinical inflammation in familial mediterranean fever.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Senescence protein signatures predict dementia risk with causal implication for TBCA: a two-cohort study.Research square · 2026Article
- Expression and clinical significance of growth differentiation factor-15 in vascular cognitive impairment based on bioinformatic analysis.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Identifying Sex-Specific Sub-phenotypes of Alzheimer's Disease Progression Using Longitudinal Electronic Health Records.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Global and tissue-specific transcriptomic dysregulation in human aging: Pathways and predictive biomarkers.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Mediating and moderating effects of plasma proteomic biomarkers on the association between poor oral health problems and brain white matter microstructural integrity: the UK Biobank study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- CSF IL-6, GDF-15, GFAP and NfL levels in early Alzheimer disease: a pilot study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Inflammation and DNA methylation in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms of epigenetic remodelling by immune cell oxidants in the ageing brain.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2024Review
- Circulating Levels of T-Cell Traits and the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Crosstalk between the Heart and Brain in Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- CircLPAR1 Promotes Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in APP/PS1 Mice by Inhibiting SIRT1/Nrf-2/HO-1 Axis Through Destabilizing GDF-15 mRNA.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Immune system-wide Mendelian randomization and triangulation analyses support autoimmunity as a modifiable component in dementia-causing diseases.Nature aging · 2022Article
- Exploring genetic association of insomnia with allergic disease and asthma: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Response of Circulating Inflammatory Markers to Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Training in Healthy Elderly People and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious observational studies have suggested that associations exist between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to investigate the causal relationships between GDF-15 and Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
methodsUsing summary-level datasets from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Genetic variants significantly associated (
resultsMR provided evidence for the association of elevated GDF-15 levels with a higher risk of AD (odds ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.24;
conclusionWe highlighted the role of GDF-15 in AD as altogether a promising diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.