ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia in People Receiving Anti-COVID-19 Adenoviral-Based Vaccines: A Proposal.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Red Blood Cell-Associated Features of Adenoviral Vector-Linked Venous Thrombosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Differential Diagnosis of Thromobocytopenia.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Increased Incidence of New-Onset Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with COVID-19 in an Underserved Urban Population in the Bronx.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Emerging Thrombotic Disorders Associated with Virus-Based Innovative Therapies: From VITT to AAV Gene Therapy-Related Thrombotic Microangiopathy.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- Adenovirus vectors can infect mouse megakaryocytes - implications for vaccine-induced thrombosis/thrombocytopenia.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: Clinicopathologic Features and New Perspectives on Anti-PF4 Antibody-Mediated Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- TRAIL and IP-10 dynamics in pregnant women post COVID-19 vaccination: associations with neutralizing antibody potency.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Whole Exome Sequencing in Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT).BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT)-Insights from Clinical Cases, In Vitro Studies and Murine Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- COVID-19 vaccines adverse events: potential molecular mechanisms.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Reactivated herpetic gingivostomatitis with secondary herpes-associated erythema multiforme and oral candidiasis post-COVID infection: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 and after COVID-19 vaccination.Trends in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Treatment of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenias.Haematologica · 2022Review
- Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Public Health Surveillance for Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Africa.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
VITT is a rare, life-threatening syndrome characterized by thrombotic symptoms in combination with thrombocytopenia, which may occur in individuals receiving the first administration of adenoviral non replicating vectors (AVV) anti Covid19 vaccines. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is characterized by high levels of serum IgG that bind PF4/polyanion complexes, thus triggering platelet activation. Therefore, identification of the fine pathophysiological mechanism by which vaccine components trigger platelet activation is mandatory. Herein, we propose a multistep mechanism involving both the AVV and the neo-synthetized Spike protein. The former can: i) spread rapidly into blood stream, ii), promote the early production of high levels of IL-6, iii) interact with erythrocytes, platelets, mast cells and endothelia, iv) favor the presence of extracellular DNA at the site of injection, v) activate platelets and mast cells to release PF4 and heparin. Moreover, AVV infection of mast cells may trigger aberrant inflammatory and immune responses in people affected by the mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). The pre-existence of natural antibodies binding PF4/heparin complexes may amplify platelet activation and thrombotic events. Finally, neosynthesized Covid 19 Spike protein interacting with its ACE2 receptor on endothelia, platelets and leucocyte may trigger further thrombotic events unleashing the WITT syndrome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.