ReviewFrontiers in immunology
Immunity, Sex Hormones, and Environmental Factors as Determinants of COVID-19 Disparity in Women.
Review in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Persistent neurological and behavioral alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an optimized K18-hACE2 mouse model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Survival and life expectancy inequality by gender in Thai provinces: Trends from 2015 to 2023.PloS one · 2026Article
- Immune Durability and Breakthrough Infections 15 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Boosters in People over 65: The IMMERSION Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Association of scrub typhus with the risk of venous thromboembolism and long-term mortality: a population-based cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Analysis of health service utilization and influencing factors due to COVID-19 in Beijing: a large cross-sectional survey.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Adverse Drug Reactions during COVID-19 Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis Focused on Hospitalized Patients, with the Use of a Survey in Cuba in 2020.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of Norelgestromin and Ethinylestradiol in Transdermal Patches on the Clinical Outcomes and Biochemical Parameters of COVID-19 Patients: A Clinical Trial Pilot Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Hormones and Sex-Specific Medicine in Human Physiopathology.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- CCR2 and DPP9 expression in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients: Influences of the disease severity and gender.Immunobiology · 2022Article
- The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Viremia Precedes an IL6 Response in Severe COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Incidence and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Older Adults Living with Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Cellular heterogeneity in disease severity and clinical outcome: Granular understanding of immune response is key.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- P1245 Polymorphic Variants of HSD3B1 Gene Confer Different Outcome in Specific Subgroups of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a major global pandemic, causing extreme morbidity and mortality. Few studies appear to suggest a significant impact of gender in morbidity and mortality, where men are reported at a higher risk than women. The infectivity, transmissibility, and varying degree of disease manifestation (mild, modest, and severe) in population studies reinforce the importance of a number of genetic and epigenetic factors, in the context of immune response and gender. The present review dwells on several contributing factors such as a stronger innate immune response, estrogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene, and microbiota, which impart greater resistance to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression in women. In addition, the underlying importance of associated microbiota and certain environmental factors in gender-based disparity pertaining to the mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19 in women has also been addressed.
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