ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Clinical Significance of the HHLA2 Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Tumor Microenvironment.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic Value of HHLA2 in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Distinct Roles of HHLA2 and PD-L1 in the Immune Cell and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Review
- High-fat diet in early life triggers both reversible and persistent epigenetic changes in the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes).BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Review
- CancerHERVdb: Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) Expression Database for Human Cancer Accelerates Studies of the Retrovirome and Predictions for HERV-Based Therapies.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Systemic analysis identifying PVT1/DUSP13 axis for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- HHLA2 promotes tumor progression by long non‑coding RNA H19 in human gallbladder cancer.International journal of oncology · 2022Article
- HHLA2 Activates the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway by Binding to TMIGD2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.Inflammation · 2022Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2: The next immune checkpoint for antitumour therapy.EBioMedicine · 2022Review
- Protective effect of tertiary lymphoid structures against hepatocellular carcinoma: New findings from a genetic perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Tertiary Lymphatic Structures in Primary Hepatic Carcinoma: Controversy Cannot Overshadow Hope.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- HHLA2 Used as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker and Correlated with Tumor Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer.BioMed research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe protein "human endogenous retrovirus H long terminal repeat-associating 2" (HHLA2), a member of the B7 family, has been linked to cancer progression and immune responses. However, its functional role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.
methodsBioinformatics was used to examine the potential roles of HHLA2 in HCC and the molecular pathways involved. Expression of HHLA2 and PD-L1 as well as the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumoral areas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining of 202 resected human HCC samples. Potential correlations of HHLA2 expression with pathological characteristics or prognosis of HCC patients were explored. Different types of immune microenvironment in HCC were defined based on HHLA2 expression and TIL density.
resultsHigh HHLA2 levels in HCC correlated with more advanced clinical cancer stage (
conclusionHHLA2 level can independently predict worse prognosis and affect the tumor microenvironment in HCC, which may help guide immunotherapy against the cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.