ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Contrast in utilization of maternal and child health services between Himalayan region and rest of India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey (2015-16).
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Facilitators and barriers to maternal immunization and strategies to improve uptake in low-income and lower-middle income countries: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Cost-effective primary health-centre allocation in Himalayan terrain: a spatial and resource-allocation analysis of Chamoli and Rudraprayag districts, India.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Disparities in spatial access to healthcare facilities for pregnant women: a case study of a hilly region in India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Transporting medicines by drones in hilly terrain of Northern Himalayas in India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Trends and determinants of maternal health services utilization in India from 2015 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in the quality of antenatal care in India: Patterns of change across 36 states and union territories, 1999-2021.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Integrated community health service model (ICHSM): A new hope for primary care in hilly outreach areas of Uttarakhand, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
- Are High-Altitude Residents More Susceptible to Covid-19 in India? Findings and Potential Implications for Research and Policy.International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation · 2022Article
- Coverage of antenatal iron-folic acid and calcium distribution during pregnancy and their contextual determinants in the northeastern region of India.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundMaternal and child health services, like antenatal care, skilled birth attendance and postnatal care, are crucial to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Numerous studies have been conducted on the distribution of utilization of maternal and child healthcare (MCH) services in India with respect to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. But no study has analyzed the utilization of MCH services with a focus on the topography of a given region (hilly/plain). The present study analyzes the utilization of MCH services in the hilly-Himalayan region of India in comparison to the rest of the country.
methodsData from India's National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), on 190,898 women, was utilized for analysis in the present study. The association between the utilization of MCH services and the topography of the region of residence (hilly/plain) was analyzed by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and predicted probabilities using a two-level random intercept logistic regression model.
resultsIt was found that the utilization of MCH services was significantly lower in the hilly regions compared to the plain regions. Women living in hilly areas (AOR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.39-0.45) had 58% lower odds of receiving skilled birth attendance (SBA) than those living in plain areas. Similarly, the odds of receiving PNC, ANC, and full immunization were also lower in the hilly regions compared to the plain regions. The utilization of MCH services was alarmingly low in the rural-hilly regions. The odds of receiving two tetanus injections before birth were 71% lower for women in the rural-hilly areas (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.36-43) than those in the rural-plain areas. Predicted probabilities also showed that women in the hilly regions were less likely to receive MCH services compared to their counterparts in the plain regions.
conclusionExcept for the consumption of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) and the utilization of AWC services/ICDS (Integrated Child and Development Services), all other MCH services were significantly underutilized in the hilly regions compared to the plain regions. This calls for the attention of and concentrated efforts by policy makers and stakeholders, with a special focus on the rural-hilly regions. We firmly believe that the results of the present study have important policy implications.
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