Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34482726›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2021

Re-evaluating vocal production learning in non-oscine birds.

Carel Ten Cate

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The role of musical pitch in long-distance defensive signaling.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Accelerando and crescendo in African penguin ecstatic display songs.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Social learning and culture in birds: emerging patterns and relevance to conservation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Vocal accommodation in penguins (Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Vocal imitations and production learning by Australian musk ducks (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  18. Vocal learning in animals and humans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  19. The multi-dimensional nature of vocal learning.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Carel Ten CateInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4021-8915
Leiden University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study of vocal production learning in birds is heavily biased towards oscine songbirds, making the songbird model the reference for comparative studies. However, as vocal learning was probably ancestral in songbirds, interspecific variations might all be variations on a single theme and need not be representative of the nature and characteristics of vocal learning in other bird groups. To assess the possible mechanisms of vocal learning and its evolution therefore requires knowledge about independently evolved incidences of vocal learning. This review examines the presence and nature of vocal production learning in non-songbirds. Using a broad definition of vocal learning and a comparative phylogenetic framework, I evaluate the evidence for vocal learning and its characteristics in non-oscine birds, including well-known vocal learners such as parrots and hummingbirds but also (putative) cases from other taxa. Despite the sometimes limited evidence, it is clear that vocal learning occurs in a range of different, non-related, taxa and can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. It is more widespread than often realized, calling for more systematic studies. Examining this variation may provide a window onto the evolution of vocal learning and increase the value of comparative research for understanding vocal learning in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vocal learning in animals and humans'.

Indexed as

BirdsLearningVocalization, AnimalAnimalsPhylogenylearning mechanismsnon-songbirdsparrotsphylogenysongbirdsvocal learning

Identifiers

PMID34482726
PMCPMC8419586
OpenAlexW3198612522

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.