Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34482723›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2021

The multi-dimensional nature of vocal learning.

Sonja C Vernes, Buddhamas Pralle Kriengwatana, Veronika C Beeck, Julia Fischer, Peter L Tyack, Carel Ten Cate, Vincent M Janik

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Assessing the Role of Vocal Plasticity in Sociospatial Coordination.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Review
  3. Assessing flexibility in meaning and context in non-human communication.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Cultural and morphological divergence of Darwin's cactus finches (Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London · 2025
    Article
  6. The role of musical pitch in long-distance defensive signaling.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. A perspective on neuroethology: what the past teaches us about the future of neuroethology.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 8 countries.

Sonja C VernesSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0305-4584
Buddhamas Pralle KriengwatanaInstitute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Veronika C BeeckDepartment of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Julia FischerCognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5807-0074
Peter L TyackSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8409-4790
Carel Ten CateInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4021-8915
Vincent M JanikSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7894-0121
Andrews University · USGerman Primate Center · DEGlasgow Life · GBLeiden University · NLUniversity of Vienna · AT

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF W 1262Medical Research Council MR/T021985/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How learning affects vocalizations is a key question in the study of animal communication and human language. Parallel efforts in birds and humans have taught us much about how vocal learning works on a behavioural and neurobiological level. Subsequent efforts have revealed a variety of cases among mammals in which experience also has a major influence on vocal repertoires. Janik and Slater (

Indexed as

LearningSpeechVocalization, AnimalAnimalsBiological EvolutionBirdsHumansbehaviourcognitionevolutionlanguagesongbirdvocal learning

Identifiers

PMID34482723
PMCPMC8419582
OpenAlexW3198876938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.