Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34482664›Full record

ArticleNursing open2021

Development and validation of the self-stigma scale in people with diabetes.

Kawoun Seo, Youngshin Song

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Diabetes advocacy in the Asia-Pacific region.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kawoun SeoDepartment of Nursing, Joongbu University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-4956-0626
Youngshin SongCollege of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-2203-5840

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo develop and initially validate the Diabetes Self-Stigma Scale for assessing self-stigma in people with diabetes.

designScale development and evaluation.

methodsParticipants were 399 patients with diabetes. In phase 1, initial items were generated based on the concept analysis of diabetes self-stigma. Moreover, content validity was established by diabetes experts. Phase 2 evaluated structural validity through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated by examining stability and internal consistency.

resultsThe findings revealed that the self-stigma scale for patients with diabetes is a valid and reliable instrument. The Diabetes Self-Stigma Scale was confirmed with 16 items. It consists of four domains: comparative inability, social withdrawal, self-devaluation and apprehensive feeling. The scale developed in this study can measure self-stigma in diabetes patients and can be used as an intervention to reduce self-stigma.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusSocial StigmaHumansPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnairesdiabetes mellitusnursingreliabilityscale developmentsocial stigmavalidation

Identifiers

PMID34482664
PMCPMC8046090

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.