ReviewExperimental brain research2021
Two senses of human limb position: methods of measurement and roles in proprioception.
Review in Experimental brain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Task-Oriented Movement on Upper Extremity Function in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Impaired trunk sensorimotor control during isometric force reproduction involving rotation and extension in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Cervical spinal cord stimulation disrupts proprioception yet improves voluntary arm reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Proprioceptive judgements made with the hand and the jaw: two distinct but functionally related body parts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Limb Position Sense Across Multiple Proprioceptive Tasks in Healthy Adults.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Measuring position sense.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
- The perception of the position of an unseen limb: Investigation of the effect of thixotropic conditioning on drift and accuracy.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Assessing age-related proprioceptive changes through active and passive tasks: implications for stroke assessment.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Joint-level proprioceptive deficits and postural instability in Fibromyalgia: a biomechanical assessment using digital inclinometry and dynamic posturography.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Sensorimotor dysfunction and postural instability in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of proprioception and neuropathy.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of attentional focus on spatial localization of distal body parts and touch in two-arm position matching.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The effect of age and proprioceptive illusion susceptibility on gait.Physiology & behavior · 2024Article
- Impaired proprioception and magnified scaling of proprioceptive error responses in chronic stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Reduced shoulder proprioception due to fatigue after repeated handball throws and evaluation of test-retest reliability of a clinical shoulder joint position test.Shoulder & elbow · 2024Article
- The effects of proprioceptive exercise training on physical fitness and performance of soccer skills in young soccer players.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of contrast water therapy on proprioception of the knee joint and degree of fatigue in sprinters after high intensity training.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- The contribution of muscle spindles to position sense measured with three different methods.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Submaximal fatiguing eccentric contractions of knee flexors alter leg extrapersonal representation.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Shoulder Proprioception and Its Correlation with Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Individuals with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome-A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The sense of position of the body and its limbs is a proprioceptive sense. Proprioceptors are concerned with monitoring the body's own actions. Position sense is important because it is believed to contribute to our self-awareness. This review discusses recent developments in the debate about the sources of peripheral afferent signals contributing to position sense and describes different methods of measurement of position sense under conditions where vision does not participate. These include pointing to or verbal reporting of the perceived position of a hidden body part, alignment of one body part with the perceived position of another, or using memory-based repositioning tasks. The evidence suggests that there are at least two different mechanisms involved in the generation of position sense, mechanisms using different central processing pathways. The principal sensory receptor responsible for position sense is believed to be the muscle spindle. One criterion for identifying mechanism is whether position sense can be manipulated by controlled changes in spindle discharge rates. Position sense measured in two-limb matching is altered in a predictable way by such changes, while values for pointing and verbal reporting remain unresponsive. It is proposed that in two-limb matching the sensation generated is limb position in postural space. In pointing or verbal reporting, information is provided about limb position in extrapersonal space. Here vision is believed to play a role. The evidence suggests that we are aware, at the same time, of sensations of limb position in postural space as well as in extrapersonal space.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.